How Pitches are Perceived based on the Temporal and Place Theory of Pitch Perception

Auditory System
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Auditory System
Temporal Theory is the perception of sound is dependent on the timing of neurons in the cochlea responding to stimuli. To comprehend pitch perception, it is necessary first to grasp the concept of place theory. However, due to the human ear's extraordinary sensitivity to pitch, some extra "sharpening" process is assumed to be necessary to improve pitch resolution. The musical note known as Middle C has a pitch of 262Hz. An octave in the musical scale is made up of eight notes. 440 Hz is used to set the pitch of the A above middle C, or A4 in scientific pitch notation. It has been made official by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as ISO 16 and is called that. Acoustic instruments and musical instruments such as pianos, violins, and other instruments are commonly tuned at A440 even though the first A above middle C has been tuned at various frequencies throughout history.
Timbre is determined by the harmonic frequencies contained in the waveform of a sound. To objectively describe the timbral qualities, Fast Fourier Transform software may be used to deconstruct a waveform into its component frequencies (Jannereth & Esch, 2021). T...