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Social Sciences
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English (U.S.)
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Topic:

Aristotle's Theory, Qualities by Locke, Berkeley Principles, and Leibniz Conclusion

Coursework Instructions:

1. In Physics I.7, Aristotle argues that every change has three components. Say what these three components are. (3 points)
2. Using Aristotle’s theory, analyze the following changes. For each, say what persists through the change, what does not persist through the change, and what comes into being during the change. (3 points each)
a. Jürgen learns to play the piano.
b. Bernini sculpts Apollo and Daphne
3. Locke distinguishes between what he calls primary qualities and secondary qualities. Say what primary qualities and secondary qualities are for Locke, and give an example of each. (2 points)
4. In the Three Dialogues, Berkeley writes, “in case colors were real properties or affections inherent in external bodies, they could admit of no alterations.” Explain, in no more than five sentences, what Berkeley is saying here, and what important principle that Berkeley is alluding to. (4 points)
5. Using your answer to question 4 above, explain why Berkeley thinks the argument generalizes to Locke’s so-called primary qualities. No more than six sentences. (5 points)
6. Suppose that you fold a piece of paper making a paper airplane. Call the piece of paper PAPER and the paper airplane DART. Why should we think that PAPER and DART are two different objects? No more than three sentences. (2 points)
7. In his correspondence with Clarke, Leibniz asks Clarke to consider the scenario in which God created all the matter in the universe exactly as it actually is, but flipped 180, or moved 10 ft to the left. If space is absolute, this is a genuine possibility. Leibniz then uses the PSR to argue that this shows Clarke’s substantivalism about space to be mistaken. Explain, in no more than five sentences, how Leibniz reaches this conclusion. (3 points)

Coursework Sample Content Preview:



Philosophy Exercise
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Philosophy Exercise
1. Aristotle Argues That Every Change Has Three Components.
According to Aristotle, the three components of change are subject, form, and privation. The subject does not change but persists throughout the change process. The form is a positive property that “becomes,” and the privation or lack is the negative property that “which does not persist through change.”.2. Using Aristotle’s Theory, Analyze the Following Changes. (3 points each).a. Jьrgen learns to play the piano..Jurgen and the piano are the subjects. They persist through the change process.
The unlearned or lack of piano skills in the form, and becoming a pianist is what comes into being. .b. Bernini sculpts Apollo and Daphne.Bernini, Apollo, and Daphne are the subjects. They remain unchanged throughout the change process. There is no change in this process as the subjects remain the same..3. Locke on Primary Qualities and Secondary Qualities. (2 points).Locke identified primary qualities as those that exist within the body and cannot be lost even when the body is broken down into its small constituent particles. He used an example of a grain of wheat. If one breaks a grain of wheat into two parts, each part will retain the property of wheat. There is no way the property of wheat can be lost. The primary properties or qualities will always persist. Secondary qualities, on the other hand, are those properties of an object that do not exist within an object, but only make us perceive the object regarding color, smell, taste, or texture (Locke, n.d.). The ideas they produce in we determine secondary qualities. When one touches a flame, the property of being hot is not in the flame. It is what the person feels that makes him attribute hotness to the flame..4. In the Three Dialogues, Berkeley writes, “in case colors were real properties or affections inherent in external bodies, they could admit of no alterations.” Explain, in no more than five sentences, what Berkeley is saying here, and what important principle that Berkeley is alluding to.
Berkeley is refuting Locke’s arguments on primary and secondary qualities. He is saying that primary qualities can be altered or they do change when exposed to new environments. He is arguing that both primary and secondary qualities depend on the relativity principle, that is, what exists between the perceiver and the property in the object. If i...
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