Muslim Modes of Expression: Is it Music or Not?

Is It Music or No?
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In this Chapter on the Middle East, we explored several modes of expression that clearly use musical elements such as melody, phrasing, dynamics, call and response, and ornamentation. Even so, we could not accurately call them all "music". With this in mind answer the following prompts:1. Name two examples of expression from this chapter that would not be considered music and explain why. Do the same for two examples that would be considered music.
2. Who maintains the "right" (or perhaps responsibility) to decide what is or is not music: the "expresser" or the "perceiver"? Choose one and defend your answer!
It Music or No?
1. Name two examples of expression from this chapter that would not be considered music and explain why. Do the same for two examples that would be considered music.
The Adhan is the Muslim call to prayer is not considered as music, and the same text is used every time in the mode-based and heavily ornamented. The call to prayer is heightened speech and recitation for Muslim worshippers where Muslim faithful pause at specific prayer times. The call to prayer has a sacred intention and is not seen as music by Muslims (Carper, 2017). Sufi Zikr prayer, chanting, songs among the Sufi Muslims, mainly in Turkey, are a form of prayer, even as there are instruments (Carper, 2017). Sufism is mythical, and while there are sounds and music, there is more focus on chanting, listening, and w...