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Essay Available:
Pages:
2 pages/≈550 words
Sources:
3 Sources
Style:
APA
Subject:
Health, Medicine, Nursing
Type:
Case Study
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 9.72
Topic:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Case Study Instructions:

An understanding of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the fact that these two systems work so closely together. A variety of factors and circumstances that impact the emergence and severity of issues in one system can have a role in the performance of the other.


Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their capacity to work together. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact.


An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.


In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.


By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.


The Assignment


In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following



  • The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.

  • Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.

  • How these processes interact to affect the patient.


This week, you examine alterations in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and the resultant disease processes. You also consider patient characteristics, including racial and ethnic variables, and the impact they have on altered physiology.


Learning Objectives


Students will:



  • Analyze processes related to cardiovascular and respiratory disorders

  • Analyze alterations in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and the resultant disease processes

  • Analyze racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning

  • Evaluate the impact of patient characteristics on disorders and altered physiology 


Week 4 Case Study:


Scenario 45-year-old woman presents with chief complaint of 3-day duration of shortness of breath, cough with thick green sputum production, and fevers. Patient has history of COPD with chronic cough but states the cough has gotten much worse and is interfering with her sleep. Sputum is thicker and harder for her to expectorate. CXR reveals flattened diaphragm and increased AP diameter. Auscultation demonstrates hyper resonance and coarse rales and rhonchi throughout all lung fields.   

Case Study Sample Content Preview:

Case Study Analysis- Nursing
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course number and Course Name
Instructor’s Name
Date
Case Study Analysis- Nursing
The patient presents a medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The illness is a preventable condition characterized by constriction of the air passage. COPD is not fully reversible, and it can be progressive in worse-case scenarios. COPD has overlapping phenotypes – chronic bronchitis involving hypersecretion of mucus and prolonged cough and emphysema characterized by lung damage over time. COPD is a critical cause of death in societies with risk factors including smoking, occupational hazards, and pollution (McCance & Huether, 2019). COPD risks get attributed to aspects affecting lung development during gestation and childhood. The patient’s case does not reveal much about cardiovascular complications or complaints like chest pain. Instead, prolonged shortness of breath is seen in clients with COPD; further symptoms inform bacterial bronchitis diagnosis.
Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiologic Processes
Cardiopulmonary- COPD:
An abnormal inflammation in the lungs characterizes COPD disease. The pathologic processes happen in the central and peripheral airways and the lung parenchyma. In COPD phenotypes, chronic irritant exposure cause neutrophils and lymphocytes in the lungs (McCance & Huether, 2019). Consequently, this results in a progressive impact of inflammation, autophagic cell damage, and oxidative stress. Inspired irritants induce more bronchial inflammation in chronic bronchitis, causing edema and increasing the size of mucus glands and goblet cells. Airways get narrowed by smooth muscle affection by fibrosis. Moreover, hypersecretion of thick mucus occurs, and it does not get cleared due to affected ciliary functioning (McCance & Huether, 2019). The patient’s lung defense mechanism gets impacted, inducing the susceptibility to a pulmonary infection that causes airway injuries.
Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary:
COPD complications in the lungs may also affect a patient’s cardiovascular system. The heart works hand in hand with the lungs to supply oxygen to various body cells and organs. Cardiac and COPD problems are common as they share similar risk factor...
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