A Question of Motivation: Abbas and Salwa

A question of motivation
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Question 1
It is clear that Abbas and Salwa behaviors are different due to the difference in their levels of motivations towards work. The difference can be explained by the expectancy theory of motivation. This theory suggests that behaviors of employees are influenced by their personal conscious choices among the various alternatives available in their working condition (Robbins, 2012). The aim of making choice is to maximize earnings, satisfaction and reduce the workload. Employee's performances are based on personal attributes such as effort, knowledge, abilities and personality. Furthermore, Robbins (2012) suggests that employees' performance is also determined by the valance. Each manager in an organization must discover their employees valance such as the rewards and the amount of pay and benefits employees want. In this case Salwa seems to be motivated from the earnings he gets from his boss. Since the manager uses job rotation to his employees, Salwa has been able to learn how the supermarket works. In addition, Salwa is also motivated by the extra earnings he will get from the sales in the culinary center. In the expectancy theory, it is proposed that there is a correlation between one's effort and their performance. Vroom, who first proposed the expectancy theory, suggested that favorable performance from employees will yield a desirable reward as shown by salsa $ 75 expected pay from the culinary services. One's desire to satisfy the need will lead to one to make extra efforts. Each employee in an organization has different expectations. In addition, each employee has a different level of confidence in their work. It is upon the leaders in an organization to determine essential training and supervision needed to manage the employees. Abbas seems to lack motivation due the different path taken by his boss in leadership. His supervisor, Saeed, does not reward Abbas efforts with what he wants. He only says, "thank you" instead of increasing his pay, hence the lack of motivation observed in Abbas.
Question 2
Abbas allegation that he is underpaid can be best explained using the cognitive theory of motivation. The cognitive evaluation theory of motivation suggests that in any organization setting employee's motivation come from two systems. The two systems are motivators in the workplace. The two motivators are the intrinsic motivators and the extrinsic motivators(Beck, 2004). This theory, however, suggests that the presence of powerful extrinsic motivators such as pay and promotion can reduce one's intrinsic motivation if controlled by people. Abbas allegation can be traced back to the extrinsic motivators which include rewards such as pay, ability to work in other areas in the supermarket and improvements in the working conditions. Since there are powerful extrinsic motivators in Abbas working area, his personal intrinsic motivation has reduced. The reduction in motivation arises from the fact that extrinsic motivators are controlled by Saeed who allows Dunia (Abbas colleague) a chance to work in other areas in the supermarket, as well as $ 2 more pay than Abbas.
Question 3
Abbas knocks his boss lunch to the box to the floor due lac...