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5 pages/≈1375 words
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APA
Subject:
Psychology
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Research Paper
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English (U.S.)
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Topic:

Assessing and Treating Patients with ADHD

Research Paper Instructions:

Diego, a 9-year-old third grader, had always been an energetic child with a short attention span. For years, his mother attributed his behaviors to him being “all boy” and assumed it would improve as he grew older. Instead, daily tasks like chores and homework became increasingly overwhelming for Diego, resulting in disruptive behaviors at home and school. After being evaluated by his healthcare provider, Diego was diagnosed with and treated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).ADHD is a prevalent disorder for patients across the lifespan, as more than 6 million children (CDC, n.d.) have been diagnosed with the disorder. Further, consider that about 60% of children with ADHD in the United States become adults with ADHD (ADAA, n.d.). Like Diego, individuals of all ages find that symptoms of ADHD can make life challenging. However, when properly diagnosed and treated, patients often respond well to therapies and have positive health outcomes.This week, as you study ADHD therapies, you examine the assessment and treatment of patients with ADHD. You also explore ethical and legal implications of these therapies.References:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Data and statistics about ADHD. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.htmlAnxiety and Depression Association of America. (n.d.). Adult ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder). https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/related-illnesses/other-related-conditions/adult-adhdLearning ObjectivesStudents will:• Assess patient factors and history to develop personalized therapy plans for patients with ADHD• Analyze factors that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in patients requiring therapy for ADHD• Synthesize knowledge of providing care to patients presenting for ADHD• Analyze ethical and legal implications related to prescribing therapy for patients with ADHD• Identify concepts related to psychopharmacologic treatments and therapy for patients across the lifespan________________________________________Learning Resources
Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)
Prince, J. B., Wilens, T. E., Spencer, T. J., & Biederman, J. (2016). Stimulants and other medications for ADHD. In T. A. Stern, M. Favo, T. E. Wilens, & J. F. Rosenbaum. (Eds.), Massachusetts General Hospital psychopharmacology and neurotherapeutics (pp. 99–112). Elsevier.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Hodgkins, P., Shaw, M., McCarthy, S., & Sallee, F. R. (2012). The pharmacology and clinical outcomes of amphetamines to treat ADHD: Does composition matter? CNS Drugs, 26(3), 245–268. https://doi.org/10.2165/11599630-000000000-00000
Martin, L. (2020). A 5-question quiz on ADHD. Psychiatric Times. https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/5-question-quiz-adhd
Medication Resources (click to expand/reduce)
U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (n.d.). Drugs@FDA: FDA-approved drugs. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm
Note: To access the following medications, use the Drugs@FDA resource. Type the name of each medication in the keyword search bar. Select the hyperlink related to the medication name you searched. Review the supplements provided and select the package label resource file associated with the medication you searched. If a label is not available, you may need to conduct a general search outside of this resource provided. Be sure to review the label information for each medication as this information will be helpful for your review in preparation for your Assignments.• armodafinil• amphetamine (d)• amphetamine (d,l)• atomoxetine• bupropion• chlorpromazine• clonidine • guanfacine• haloperidol• lisdexamfetamine• methylphenidate (d)• methylphenidate (d,l)• modafinil• reboxetine
Required Media (click to expand/reduce)
Case Study: A Young Caucasian Girl with ADHD Note: This case study will serve as the foundation for this week’s Assignment.
________________________________________Assignment: Assessing and Treating Patients With ADHDNot only do children and adults have different presentations for ADHD, but males and females may also have vastly different clinical presentations. Different people may also respond to medication therapies differently. For example, some ADHD medications may cause children to experience stomach pain, while others can be highly addictive for adults. In your role, as a psychiatric nurse practitioner, you must perform careful assessments and weigh the risks and benefits of medication therapies for patients across the life span. For this Assignment, you consider how you might assess and treat patients presenting with ADHD.To prepare for this Assignment:• Review this week’s Learning Resources, including the Medication Resources indicated for this week.• Reflect on the psychopharmacologic treatments you might recommend for the assessment and treatment of patients with ADHD.The Assignment: 5 pagesExamine Case Study: A Young Caucasian Girl with ADHD. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this patient. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.At each decision point, you should evaluate all options before selecting your decision and moving throughout the exercise. Before you make your decision, make sure that you have researched each option and that you evaluate the decision that you will select. Be sure to research each option using the primary literature.Introduction to the case (1 page)• Briefly explain and summarize the case for this Assignment. Be sure to include the specific patient factors that may impact your decision making when prescribing medication for this patient.Decision #1 (1 page)• Which decision did you select?• Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.• Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.• What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).• Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.Decision #2 (1 page)• Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.• Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.• What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).• Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.Decision #3 (1 page)• Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.• Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.• What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).• Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.Conclusion (1 page)• Summarize your recommendations on the treatment options you selected for this patient. Be sure to justify your recommendations and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.Note: Support your rationale with a minimum of five academic resources. While you may use the course text to support your rationale, it will not count toward the resource requirement. You should be utilizing the primary and secondary literature.

Research Paper Sample Content Preview:

Assessing and Treating Patients with ADHD
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Assessing and Treating Patients with ADHD
Introduction
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) refers to a common mental health problem that affects about 8% of children (American Psychiatric Association, 2018). Young people with this mental disorder have symptoms of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Impulsivity entails acting in a rash, careless, inconsiderate, and impatient way. Hyperactivity is being restless and fidgeting. In addition, inattentiveness involves difficulties to focus on something or being easily distracted. For instance, children with ADHD find it challenging to concentrate or be attentive in the classroom since they are easily distracted. In the scenario at hand, Katie, an 8-year-old Caucasian female, is accompanied by her father and mother to the office. The girl’s primary care provider suggested that she might be having ADHD, but the parents are in denial. Katie’s parents want her to be evaluated.
Based on the Conner’s Teacher Rating Scale-Revised, Katie is easily distracted, forgets things within a short period, and is inattentive. She is poor in arithmetic, reading, and spelling. The child’s attention span is very short and she only concentrates on things that she likes. Katie says that her favorite subjects are recess and art. She admits that other subjects are boring and that her mind wanders sometimes to things that are more fun for her. Based on her age, Katie has developed appropriately. Her speech is coherent, logical, and clear. She is well dressed and oriented to time, event, and place. Katie has good manners and knows how to use gestures appropriately. Her affect is bright and self-reported mood euthymic. She denies being paranoid or delusional, homicidal ideation, auditory, or visual hallucinations. In addition, Katie’s judgment and insight are age appropriate. The paper focuses on the assessment and development of personalized therapy for young individuals with ADHD, particularly prescribing the medications, the influence on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, and the ethical implications of prescribing drugs to children with ADHD.
Decision #1
As Katie's psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP), the best decision is to prescribe my client Ritalin, methylphenidate, 10 mg orally to be taken every morning. Studies show that methylphenidate is an effective and safe drug to use for children above the age of eight years. The medication decreases impulsivity and hyperactivity, which will help Katie to concentrate and improve her quality of life (Storebo et al., 2018). Ritalin is also a stimulant and has been used for many years as a cognitive enhancer. Indeed, it fosters brain activity by triggering neurotransmitters, norepinephrine, and dopamine. In addition, it is readily available and affordable. The reason for not choosing Wellbutrin is that it is not the best choice for managing ADHD in children. In most cases, it is used as an antidepressant by adults. Wellbutrin’s primary side effect on young people is suicidal ideation (Huss et al., 2017). Intuniv is not a good ...
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