Comparison and Contrast of the Social Movements on Social Changes

Comparison and Contrast of the Social Movements
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Comparison and Contrast of the Social Movements on Social Changes
Civil Rights Movements of 1946 to 1968
The social movements usually form a purposeful gathering or groups with a common objective of creating change (Arab Spring), resisting change (anti-globalization movement) and give political voice to the oppressed (civil rights movements) in the society (McAdam, 2010). In most cases, the Civil Rights Movement involves activism that seeks rights and changes in the economic, social and political arena. Such movements commenced at during the African American quests for equal rights between 1946 and 1968. Currently, more Civil Rights Movements borrow the leaf from the past African American movements with a diversity of approaches which include lobbying the different governments, mass actions, black power, lawsuit court and Black Lives Matters among others. Throughout the struggle to achieve the various objectives, the Civil Right Movements face hardships and turmoil with defiance from the opposing white supremacies (McAdam, 2010).
The Black Power
The Black Power Movement created by African Americans in the 1950's early 1960's. The term "Black Power" initially coined by Stokely Carmichael the head of Student Nonviolence Coordinating Committee (SNCC) after the shooting of James Meredith at the time of March against Fear which led to its popularization in 1966. The movement started as the solidarity of individuals within in the campaign (Olsson et al., 2011). At its onset, Black Power Movement began as a movement against racial desegregation and later moved on to help the Americans combat the issue of racism as a whole. They strive to conform to the Black autonomy especially in Black Nationalism, and black separatism seemed to portray conflicts with the Civil Rights Movement. However, organizations such as the Black Panther for the self-defense struggled with issues of the power structure in the government (Olsson et al., 2011).
Currently, many parties and individuals believe in the term of black power and what its meaning. The Black Panther party made up of young Blacks who did not have the patience that was displayed by Civil Rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. felt the non-violence approach wasn't the best actions to be taking place in the civil right race in this injustice American. Therefore, Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale found the Black Power Movement. Although not all parties and individuals though it was justified the use of violence in the accomplishment of black justice, the Black Power Movement ideal effort was to create a separate society (Peniel, 2006). The movement neither failed, nor got rid of help to end racism and discrimination. The campaign emphasized the racial pride and establishment of the black political and cultural institutions that would promote and nurture the black collective interests as well as the advancement of the values for black people. Thus, it helped to provide African Americans and whites to gain a greater understanding of each race (Peniel, 2006).
Separately, some leaders such as Bobby Seale of the Black Panther Party ensured that the Black Power remained on its mission focusing on the factors contributed to the oppression of the black people despite critics. For example, Bayard Rustin who was the statesman of the Civil Right Movement noted that the Black Power lacked real value and had a harmful propagation with an isolation of the Negro community with the Congress of Racial Equity (CORE). Therefore, Bobby Seale maintained a focus on fighting against economic exploitation as the significant factor for the oppression with the class struggle between the massive working class and the minority ruling class. Thus, the working class people of all colors were to unite against the exploitation and oppression of the ruling class (Ture, Hamilton & Carmichael, 1992).
The Black Power Movement impacted profoundly on different sectors. Majority of the black people used the movement to push for the black capitalism and revolution to end the capitalism aspect of oppression. Many black people organized self-help groups that were self-independent. Besides, the movement embraced study programs for the black people in colleges as well as mobilized black people to vote and elect their black candidates as well as improve racial pride and self-esteem (Ture, Hamilton & Carmichael, 1992).
Davis (2016) confirmed the fulfillment of such objectives in their book; Freedom is a constant struggle: Ferguson, Palestine and the foundation of a movement in 2016. The author helped the readers understand the concepts of creating mass movements with solidarity that become the starting point and lasting civil freedom and social change. The author linked the struggle against the persistent violence, injustices, and oppression. Therefore, the book advocates for the black minority and the oppressed as well as the importance of collectiveness (Davis, 2016).
On the political platform, the Black Power contributed to the development of black politics. The movement created actual realization with a bargaining position of the moderate activists. The Black Power embraced political field with variety, vitality, creativity, and wit that would later shape the current generation on its approach to solve the social problems (Ture, Hamilton & Carmichael, 1992). Separately, Black Power influenced other movements due to its ignition of political debates in the American society. The minority groups across the racial divides realized the importance of restructuring the organization hence people opened up to discuss constitutional issues and equality as well as diversity and plurality of the social justice movements (Ture, Hamilton & Carmichael, 1992). Besides, people became aware of the structural inequality, identity politics, and black identity, gender and class issues (Davis, 2016).
Lastly, Black Power improved the African-American identity. The black people began realizing the liberation and empowerment at the psychological realm. The African-American began experiencing their racial solidarity where the blacks understood their culture and identity. Besides, there was an achievement of the equilibrium of human ethnocentrism and consciousness in academics both national and international (Davis, 2016).
Black Power in the present context goes beyond the African American of the USA. The term is many associate ideologies that strive to achieve self-determination for the black people throughout the world. Just like focusing on its old mission, the Black Power still expresses the political goals such as the defense of the black people against the racial oppression, the establishment of the social institutions as well as ensuring efficient economy (Ture, Hamilton & Carmichael, 1992).
Black Lives Matters Movement
Black Lives Matters is modern-day Black activism black lives matter is an evolved moment of the civil rights movement, activist aiming to stand against black oppression. The Movement commenced in 2012 after the death of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin. The hashtag was created with three women namely Alicia Garza, Opal Tometi, and Patrisse Cullors taking their demand for political and ideal intervention to stop the violent oppression that took place in the streets, and the mainstream of social media (Ward, 2017). A great success led by Ms. Patrisse Cullors and Darnell L. Moore black lives matter ride took another turn on Labor Day weekend of 2014. One of the many successful outreaches for this movement is the ‘Freedom ride’ to Ferguson took 21-hours to the town of Michael Brown’s to march and show their demand and the show of justice killed unarmed 18-year old. The will and fight for black lives are everlasting. Until the extrajudicial killing of African Americans comes to an end, these voices and actions will not be silent (Ward, 2017).
The Black Lives Matter Movement began recently with a hash-tag that protested against the police brutality and killings of the black people in America. As at 2015, more than 1000 people killed by police operations with more than 300 people being black. The movement seems to be amorphous featuring aspects of both formal and informal collection of people who continuously tweet "Black Lives Matter." The trend of the hash-tag goes with new cases of police killings. For example members of the movement raised concerns and criticism of the shootings of Philando Castile in Minnesota and Alton Sterling in Louisiana. In most cases, the campaign uses the peaceful protest mechanism with a rallying cry that portrays some similarities to the US civil right movements of the 1940s. Such activities recently happened in Dallas (Ward, 2017).
Later on, a sniper emerged and fired at the protest resulting in the death of five police officers with several injury casualties. The Black Lives Matter currently faces criticism from other movements such as the “All Lives Matter” and “Blue Lives Matter” for the support of the police officers. The hash-tag of "Black Lives Matter" began in 2013 in California when Alicia Garza became furious when George Zimmerman, a volunteer who watched a scheme of the murder of Trayvon Martin who was 17 years of age. Zimmerman was free of the murder and Garza with other two colleagues began tweeting "Black Lives Matter." However, the trend peaked a global debate in 2014 when Darren Wilson, a police officer shot 18-year-old Michael Brown in St. Louis suburb Missouri (Ward, 2017). Later on, Wilson was free of the charges over killing noting the act was self-defense. Therefore, many people saw the action as racial injustice in policing. The movement took a dynamic pattern with both civil unrest and hash-tag across USA (Ward, 2017).
Currently, Black Lives Matter is a global network with a chapter whose mission is to build local power as well as solve various atrocities that state and vigilantes inflict on the Black communities. The movement currently goes beyond the narrow aspect of nationalism to a broader international perspective addressing the needs of Black people, Tran's folks, and disabled folks, documented and undocumented folk...