Methods and Materials in Identifying Alkenes, Alcohol, and Halogenoalkanes

Alkenes. Alcohols and Halogenoalkanes
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Abstract
The experiment aimed at identifying alkenes, alcohols, and halogenoalkanes. The primary purpose was to perform qualitative tests that would differentiate, define and distinguish alkenes, alcohols, and halogenoalkanes. Alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols can be defined as functional groups. Within an organic compound, a group of atoms or single atom units determine a homologous series's features. These groups of atoms or single occurring atoms form a functional group. Tests such as the bromine-water test, alcohols test, iodoform test, and halogenoalkanes test were carried out to fulfill the experiment's purpose.
Introduction
The compounds which are made up of hydrogen and carbon are referred to as hydrocarbons. They are divided into types such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Alkanes, alkenes, and Alkynes fall into the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons (Lawrence, 2019). The structure of benzene is related to that of aromatic hydrocarbons in that it is a cyclic compound. The bromine-water test is one of the tests used to identify aliphatic hydrocarbons. The bromine-water test involves the use of bromine water in alkanes or akenes. The bromine decolorizes to confirm the presence of alkenes. The implication is that alkenes are unsaturated compounds. The bromine color remains to imply that alkanes have no double or triple bonds hence are saturated compounds to confirm alkanes' presence. The alcohol test involves the addition of acidified potassium dichromate (VI) into three different types of alcohol, namely primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, and tertiary alcohol.
Primary and secondary alcohol presents a color change to green-blue, while tertiary alcohol presents no observable color change. The iodoform test detects the presence of methyl alcohol groups in different types of alcohols. For instance, where the methyl group is present, the solution mixture presents a pale-yellow precipitate formation. The halogenoalkanes test is common in detecting halogen atoms such as chloride, bromide, and iodide. With the addition of silver nitrate, there is a precipitate formation that confirms the presence of a halogen atom. In this laboratory report, the qualitative tests were used to identify alkenes, alcohols, and halogenoalkanes will be elaborated.
Method and Materials
Bromine-water Test
The materials used during the test for the presence of a double or triple bond included two different test tubes and bromine water. Cyclohexene and Cyclohexane were added into the first and second test tubes, respectively. Bromine water was then added to the constituents of the two test tubes. Each test tube's contents were shaken gently, and the forthcoming reaction and color change was observed and recorded.
Alcohols Test
The materials used in testing different alcohols included Potassium dichromate (VI), which is acidified, and three different test tubes with the labels; primary, secondary, and tertiary. In the first test-tube labeled as 'primary alcohol,' propan-1-ol was added. The second test tube labeled as 'secondary.' Propan-2-ol was used. Finally, the third test tube ...