Aldehydes and Ketones (Health, Medicine, Nursing Lab Report)

Aldehydes and Ketones
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Abstract
This experiment aimed to identify aldehydes and ketones. The main purpose was to distinguish and make a difference between an aldehyde and a ketone. Aldehydes and Ketones can be described as organic compounds that consist of a functional group known as the carbonyl functional group. Aldehydes are prone to oxidation, as their carbonyl group is situated at the end of the carbon chain. On the other hand, ketones are insusceptible to oxidation since their carbonyl group is situated at the carbon chain center. The tests used in the experiment were Fehling's test, Tollen's silver mirror test, and Brady's reagent test. A brick-red precipitate forms when Fehling's reagent is added to aldehydes, and the solution is placed in a warm water bath.
On the other hand, no noticeable color change occurs when Fehling's reagent is added to ketones, and the solution is placed in warm water for five minutes. In Tollen's test, both propanal and propanone are added to the tollen's reagent in two different test tubes. A silver coating appears in the test tube where propanal has been added after the test tube is well shaken and placed in a warm water bath. On the other hand, no silver coating is observed in the test tube where propanone has been added after vigorous shaking and warming in a warm water bath. In Brady's reagent test, Brady's reagent is added in two different test tubes containing benzaldehyde and methylbenzene solutions, respectively. In the test tube containing benzaldehyde, a bright orange precipitate is observed, indicating a carbonyl group. There is no observable change in the test tube containing methylbenzene. The major indication is that methylbenzene has no carbonyl group.
Introduction
Aldehydes and ketones stand as compounds existing organically and comprise the carbonyl functional group (C=O). One major quality that makes aldehydes stand out is that their carbonyl group contains one hydrogen and one alkyl group (Yang et al., 2018). On the other hand, ketones contain two alkyl groups. The organically existing compounds go through chemical reactions that directly relate to the carbonyl group in place. One significant way of distinguishing aldehydes and ketones is by measuring and observing how susceptible each one is to oxidation. In this regard, the carbonyl group of the ketones is situated anywhere in the chain, while Aldehydes is situated at the chain's far end (Hayashi et al., 2016).
Aldehydes and Ketones exist in abundance in the natural environment. The carbonyl group's polar nature makes it possible for both aldehydes and ketones to consist of a larger and bigger dipole moment (Yang et al., 2018). Nucleophiles attack the positive carbon atom in the carbonyl group. There exist other additional reactions that the carbonyl groups undergo. The presence of a hydrogen atom makes aldehydes specifically be more susceptible to oxidation. Oxidation entrails the loss of electrons. The resistance to oxidation in ketones can be explained by the absence of a hydrogen atom in their middle-centered carbonyl group (Li et al., 2017).
The solubility of both aldehydes and ketones decre...