Facial Trauma in People

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Often, there is difficulty in identifying individuals, especially when there is an accident that led to facial trauma. Witnesses to and the victims of the crime are requested to illustrate the facial features of the assailant or the criminal embedded on their memory so that the police officers can begin to construct facial composites, which are the faces constructed based on selecting individual features of a person in line with the description given by the witness or the victim. After selecting each facial feature, such as the face shape, eyes, nose, and mouth, a full face will be generated, and this will be published in the flyers, newspapers, internet, or the television. However, the recognition via a feature-based system is usually inadequate like in the case of Frowd et al. (2005) as stated in Skelton et al. (2015), only twenty per cent of the feature systems is correct, especially when there are approximately four hours of delay. Due to these circumstances, the use of facial composites has been widely researched in the field of forensics and psychology.
Many techniques can be utilized to create an image for the facial composite. Some use a few images, while others prefer to use more images. Langlois & Roggman (1990) performed pioneer pieces of research on attractiveness and facial composites. They found out two relevant information. First, the subjects appraised female and male composite images as highly attractive than almost all the other faces that made up the composites. Second, it has been revealed that the greater the number of faces included constructing a facial composite, the more attractive is the final image produced. Furthermore, the researchers suggest that people often remember the features that they find attractive. This claim is supported by Vauch et al. (2015), by utilizing an eye-tracking technique to appreciate the differences in visual attention of the participants based on attractiveness. The study revealed that the majority of participants had shown bias on the features that they find attractive in general. Additionally, their study suggests the findings are variable due to the sex differences, which are evident in the ratings of attractiveness of the participants. Raymond et al. (2003) also studied the interesting visual patterns for the participants versus the patterns that they were instructed to ignore. The results show that the participants atten...