Shaping the Modern State

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Firstly, the most important individuals are Ferdinand and Isabella. Although they never gave a legal or common currency to the people of Spain, they broke the power of aristocratic who had operated from private castles and waging wars which they believed was a threat to them. The two were able to bring the church into an alliance with the state of Spain by removing the Muslims from a place they had settled for a long time, i.e., from Granada. They also encouraged intermarriages of their children with other great next of rule to expand their rule.
Secondly, the other important individual is Philip II. During the reign of Philip II, many protestants had evolved that was against the Roman Catholic church. Still, they overcame this when he sent the largest army to fight the protestant in the Netherlands, which led to the Spanish authority's inspiration to support him.
Thirdly, Charles V, the king of Spainm, Charles became the most powerful ruler in Europe because he created a large army and the bureaucratic system that he could create.
Different events happened during the first European expansion. From 1450 to 1750, Western Europe entered an era of overseas exploration and economic expansion that transformed society. During these periods, the European adventures were able to discover new ways to trade and earn incomes. It is through these the Europeans were able to expand overseas.
Secondly, Black slavery and the slave trade. Slave trade was evolving due to the Portuguese travelers who had traveled to West Africa for the gold used in India's trade. Most of the royals need someone to work and help led to the start of black slavery.
There have been events like The growth of limited monarchy and constitution in England. Since the rule of power was hereditary, someone could only give out his rule to the person who thinks he could continue to rule and favor the others. As a result, he could develop different policies that he thought were the best to continue the rule when one comes to power.
Lastly, The expansion of agriculture. Due to the growing population, exchanging goods and services was becoming a significant problem. Thus, as a result, they come up with the innovation of a standard way to solve this problem. Agriculture can be used to meet the needs of the people sinc...