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History
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Topic:

US history: Little Rock, Arkansas

Essay Instructions:

In this discussion, please choose and respond to two of the prompts that follow. Topic prompts are generally comprised of several sub-questions, of which all must be addressed. Responses should be in original wording and contain a few images or videos to enhance the posting. The inclusion of researched information from supplemental resources is highly encouraged (cited in MLA format below your answers)

 

Please include your selected topic questions above your responses.

 

Topic 1: What were the events in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957? What happened in Birmingham, Alabama, a few years later? Who were a few prominent figures in these events, and what did they do?

 

Topic 2: What was the historical significance of the U.S. Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954? What were some other important acts of legislation passed by Congress or presidential executive order to advance the freedom of African Americans during the civil rights era? What roles did presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson play in the creation or enforcement of these laws?

 

Topic 3: Which individuals and groups were involved with the Bay of Pigs invasion, and what was their objective? How did the episode affect the relationship between John F. Kennedy and the CIA? How did the incident affect Kennedy's reputation as president?

 

Topic 4: What were the events that transpired during October 1962 that brought the world to the brink of a nuclear war? What was the geopolitical context of this crisis in Cuba? How did it end? How did the incident affect John F. Kennedy's reputation as president? If you had been an adviser to President Kennedy at the time, how would you have suggested handling this situation?

 

Topic 5: What were the reasons behind increasing American involvement in Vietnam? What was going on in the country in the two decades before the Gulf of Tonkin incident in 1964? Who were the two primary leaders of South and North Vietnam and what were their reputations among their people?

 

Topic 6: What were a few central features of President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society plan, and what was its overall objective? Which one Great Society act do you think was most effective for improving society in the long run, and why? Why do you think the main goals of the Great Society plan have never been fully achieved?

 

Essay Sample Content Preview:
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U.S. History
What were the events in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957? What happened in Birmingham, Alabama, a few years later? Who were a few prominent figures in these events, and what did they do?
A set of nine African American pupils entered Little Rock, Arkansas' Central High School in September 1957. Discrimination in school systems had been deemed illegal in Brown v. Board of Education, a historic Supreme Court judgment from 1954 (Anderson 32). Governor Orval Faubus dispatched the Arkansas National Guard on September 4, 1957, the inaugural day of sessions at Central High, to prevent black pupils from entering the institution (Tougas 12). Little Rock Nine were escorted inside the institution by federal forces eventually that month under the orders of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. It brought civil liberties to struggle to the public spotlight.
Martin Luther King visited Birmingham, Alabama, in April 1963, a community whereby whites and blacks used to segregate public amenities. King's nonviolent demonstration was meant to compel the diversification of lunch counters in central businesses. During the racial rights movement, Birmingham was arguably the most challenging city to protest. Georgia Governor George Wallace opposed "assimilation," the coming together of diverse racial groupings, and opposed it in the strongest possible terms. Eighteen bombs in Birmingham were carried out by members of the Ku Klux Klan, who had a foothold in the region (Tougas 23). Law enforcement and firefighters chief Eugene "Bull" Connor backed the Ku Klux Klan as it fought colored "revolutionaries." King intended Birmingham's activities to receive national notice. He anticipated that President Kennedy might be obliged to step in and intercede.
SCLC's "Birmingham Campaign" began in early 1963 and aimed to attract nationwide awareness to regional-colored activists' desegregation initiatives (Anderson 37). As a result of nonviolence, practical action campaigns led by Martin Luther King Jr., James Bevel, Fred Shuttlesworth, and others, colored young pupils and white public officials engaged in highly recognized encounters that resulted in a modification in the metro's discriminatory laws.
What were the reasons behind increasing American involvement in Vietnam? What was going on in the country in the two decades before the Gulf of Tonkin incident in 1964? Who were the two primary leaders of South and North Vietnam, and what were their reputations among their people?
The United States en...
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