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Topic:

Effect of Technological Changes on Espionage and Counterespionage

Essay Instructions:

Please respond to the following in an essay format using reliable sources and readings prescribed.
1. Assess the effect of technological changes on espionage and counterespionage during WWII and the Cold War era. Choose a particular intelligence discipline and its associated spy technology, and assess how it changed over time during the Cold War. For example, human intelligence or imagery/geospatial intelligence, and cameras; signals intelligence and electronics; human intelligence and audio recording technology; etc.
2. Intelligence organization operating in Afghanistan included CIA, SOF, national assets available for tactical exploitation, and other Army units. How well did these organizations blend to provide the intelligence required to the tactical commanders?
3. Objective: Counter-terrorism policy
Using the readings provided below only, present a critique of the counter-terrorism policy approaches. In an essay format, including an introduction, supporting paragraphs, and conclusion, identify strengths and weaknesses and their impact on U.S. national security.
Readings for no. 3
https://www(dot)whitehouse(dot)gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/06/15/fact-sheet-national-strategy-for-countering-domestic-terrorism/
Robinson, Linda, Assessment of the Politico-Military Campaign to Counter ISIL and Options for Adaptation. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2016. https://www(dot)rand(dot)org/pubs/research_reports/RR1290.html. Also available in print form.

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Importance of Intelligence
Student’s name
Course
Date
Effect of Technological Changes on Espionage and Counterespionage
With the rapid progress of technology, it is simple to notice the changes in espionage and counterespionage in terms of technological breakthroughs. Imagery/Geospatial intelligence is the subject of this essay. Cameras have evolved dramatically, as has the way photos are processed. The evolution of digital cameras has allowed for a clearer picture with a higher pixel rate than any camera before available. These cameras have been mounted to airplanes and satellites to spot a target.
When it comes to spying, cameras may now be installed in almost any location. The number of tiny, high-quality cameras on the market has risen dramatically. These cameras may be embedded in glasses, pens, and even a necklace. This permits a spy to secretly record or photograph without being detected. Synthetic Aperture Radar and how it is processed and manipulated to produce diverse products are additional sensors in the Geospatial world that have progressed throughout the post-Cold War era.. Computer advancements have increased this capability; for example, the ability to identify changes is one example. This helps you to check if anything has changed from the last time you shot the photograph. Even though the soil has moved, it may be seen. With all of these technological advancements, imagery/geospatial intelligence has grown more than any other intellectual field, probably more than any other.[Cunliffe, Kyle Sean. "An existential crisis and a golden opportunity? Assessing hard-target espionage in the cyber era." Ph.D. diss., Aberystwyth University, 2021.]
Intelligence Organization Operating In Afghanistan
The harsh environment and high altitude of the Gardez-Khost regions of Afghanistan aided the rise of Taliban and Al-Qaeda terrorists. Several intelligence agencies, including the Central Intelligence Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, played critical roles at various stages of the operation. CIA paramilitary personnel, for example, took part in the mission with special operations units. The Bureau of Intelligence and Research, the Defense Intelligence Agency, Imagery Intelligence, the National Reconnaissance Office, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, signal intelligence, HUMINT, and SOF military Reconnaissance are some of the other agencies ("Taliban in Afghanistan"). In addition, special Reconnaissance (S.R.), which was commanded by a small division of highly trained military personnel, played a critical role in the research and task collecting stages..[Dostri, Omer, and Kobi Michael. "The role of human terrain and cultural intelligence in contemporary hybrid and urban warfare." The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs 21, no. 1 (2019): 84-102.]
HUMINT is the oldest type of ...
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