IoT in Smart Cities

IoT in Smart Cities
Problem Statement
IoT refers to a set of technologies for accessing data collected using various devices through wireless and wired internet networks. While different sources define the technologies differently, the common explanation is its potential to provide valuable information using different user devices that utilize wireless and internet networks (González-Zamar, Abad-Segura, Vázquez-Cano, & López-Meneses, 2020). The adoption of IoT began a long time ago in smart cities, and as of 2017, its adoption increased by about 39% compared to 2015 (Park, Pobil, & Kwon, 2018). Its adoption is mainly associated with improving the quality of life in the cities (Cvar, Trilar, Kos, Volk, & Duh, 2020). A survey on smart city use of IoT has to indicate various uses of the technology in improving the quality of life.
There is a need to understand the list of metrics used to characterize the quality of life in terms of availability of communal resources to most people and environmental hygiene. The communal resources will be assessed through measurement of water quantity in cubic meters (M3), whereas environmental hygiene will be measured by determining the amount of power consumed in kilowatts (kW). The IoT benefits for the city, in this case, will be power and water conservation by allowing the users to monitor their power and water consumption, as well as reporting any instances of leakages or unfair power usage. In monitoring water usage, the device will allow users to monitor their water usage on a daily basis with a goal of the users being to use less water than the previous day and generally see how much water they will have saved after a month compared to the previous one. Similarly, in power usage, the device will also record power consumption on a daily basis and allow the users to know the amount saved for each day. Thus the overall benefit will be computed by determining the amount of each resource saved. To encourage more savings, people who will manage to spend less on each resource will receive a discount on their bills. In waste management, the device will also help monitor the quantity of waste for each month to allow the users to assess their disposition rates. A user who finds out that they will have excessive wastes for a particular month should be able to account for the increase in baggage.
The IoT application time-series will be used as the most appropriate measurement of the impact of IoT’s performance. The application’s performance will be measured using a time series by measuring the error rates and the average response time after reporting such anomalies. The error rates of water leakages and inappropriate use of power (failures per month), and the response time ((time taken to rectify), will help assess how effective the application is in rectifying such incidents. Therefore, the study targets four different units of value: water usage (M3), power consumption (kW), error rates (failures per month), and response time (time taken to rectify).
On the other hand, the IoT added good quality products for the automotive industry by creating smart applications as manufactured goods excellence is the core driver of consumer fulfillment concerning au...