Psychopharmacology: Anxiety, Depression and Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia

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1 What are some of the challenges associated with the use of antianxiety medications and the treatment of anxiety? Do some independent research to identify current “best practices” in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Where do antianxiety drugs “fit” with best practices? Be sure to include a discussion of how you could work with the prescriber. Include legal and ethical issues associated with psychopharmacology. Examine the psychopharmacological interventions currently used for the DSM-5 disorders.
Anxiety disorders are a prevalent and debilitating mental health condition affecting millions worldwide. The recent pandemic has increased the number of people who suffer from anxiety disorders (da Silva et al., 2021). While there are several effective treatments for anxiety, including psychotherapy and medication, the use of antianxiety medications, can present several challenges. Thus, the treatment of anxiety disorders requires a comprehensive and individualized approach that considers best practices, including the use of psychotherapy as the first-line treatment and the use of medication in conjunction, when necessary, with collaboration and communication between the prescriber and therapist, and the consideration of legal and ethical issues associated with psychopharmacology.
Several challenges are associated with using antianxiety medications, such as the potential for addiction and abuse. Many anxiolytics, such as benzodiazepines, have a high potential for abuse and can cause severe withdrawal symptoms if not gradually tapered off. Additionally, long-term use of these medications can lead to tolerance, where higher doses are required to achieve the same level of anxiety relief, which can increase the risk of dependence and addiction. Another challenge is the potential for side effects. Antianxiety medications can cause drowsiness and dizziness, impair cognitive and motor functioning, interfere with daily activities, and increase the risk of accidents. They can also cause gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation, and can interact with other medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements (Redmond, 2019). Thus, there are some drawbacks to using antianxiety medications.
Since antianxiety medications do not always work, other practices may effectively treat anxiety disorders. A best practice involves a comprehensive approach, including psychotherapy and medication when appropriate. The most effective psychotherapies for anxiety disorders are cognitive-behavioral therapy or CBT and exposure therapy, which involve teaching patients the skills to manage their anxiety and gradually exposing them to anxiety-provoking situations to desensitize them (Otte, 2022). Nevertheless, antianxiety medications are typically used with psychotherapy when anxiety symptoms are severe and debilitating or when the individual cannot participate in therapy due to extreme anxiety. They can immediately relieve symptoms and make it easier for individuals to engage in psychotherapy. Therefore, psychotherapy and medication, as needed, can be considered best practices in treating anxiety disorders.
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