Motivation and the Self-Determination and Learned Helplessness Theories

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1 Motivation arises from both internal motives (i.e. needs, cognitions, emotions) and external events (i.e. incentives, consequences, social contexts). Is one of these sources of motivation more potent or more effective in motivating people than the other? Are people primarily motivated by internal motives or by external events, or are people motivated equally by internal motives and external events? Justify your response by giving examples from your own life.
Motivation is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon arising from internal and external sources. While there is no definitive answer to whether internal or external motives are more potent or effective in motivating people, research suggests that both sources of motivation play essential roles in driving behavior (Legault, 2020).
Internal motives, such as needs, cognitions, and emotions, are influenced by personal values and beliefs and are frequently associated with intrinsic goals such as personal growth, competence, and autonomy (Legault, 2020). An employee motivated by a desire to improve and develop oneself, for instance, is motivated by an internal motive because this desire stems from personal interest and curiosity. Extrinsic goals, such as rewards, recognition, and social approval, are frequently associated with external events. External events that can motivate behavior include incentives and consequences such as bonuses, promotions, and penalties (Legault, 2020). For instance, an employee motivated to meet a target because of the incentives is motivated by an external motive.
However, the potency and effectiveness of internal and external motives may differ depending on the individual and the context. Personal experience has shown that internal and external motives are essential in motivating behavior. For instance, academic pursuits have been driven by a desire to learn and acquire new skills, whereas external rewards such as grades and awards serve as motivators to perform well.
In conclusion, internal and external motivations are essential sources of motivation, and their effectiveness may vary depending on individual differences and situational factors. While internal motives may be more potent in driving behavior toward intrinsic goals, external events such as incentives and consequences may also be necessary for motivating behavior toward extrinsic goals.
2 Selecting one physiological need (e.g. hunger, thirst, etc.) as an example, explain how the biological beginnings of this need eventually manifest themselves as a psychological drive in a person's subjective awareness. In other words, explain how a biological event becomes a psychological motive. Give an original example to support your explanation.
Physiological needs, such as hunger, are biological processes arising from the body's internal state. Through a process known as homeostasis, these needs eventually manifest themselves as psychological drives in a person's subjective awareness. Homeostasis refers to the body's tendency to maintain a stable internal environment and balance, regulating physiological processes such as hunger (Ombrato & Phillips, 2021).
When one experiences an absence of a specific physio...