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Briefly describe the procedure for testing hypotheses
Hypothesis testing focuses on assessing the validity of evidence depending on the null and alternative hypothesis. To know which of the hypotheses is true, there is a need to make decision based on the evidence available. It is necessary to first specify the null and alternative hypothesis, with the null hypothesis assumed to be the parameter that is equal to zero. The next step is to specify the level of significance (α), mainly 0.01 and 0.05. The next phase in testing hypotheses is the computation of the probability value (P-value), which determines whether the sample statistic has the same characteristic as the parameter specified when the null hypothesis is true. Then one compares the p- value with significance level, which shows whether to reject or not reject the null hypothesis. At other times, it is necessary mapping the area under the curve as this shows the critical value and comparing, with the p-value to determine whether it is statistically significant. The main goal in hypothesis testing is establish if the evidence available can help to infer whether the null hypothesis is unlikely to be true, with the alternative hypothesis then being true (Norman & Streiner, 2008).
Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses
H0: Cholesterol treatment is not effective
H1: Cholesterol treatment is effective
The null hypothesis assumes that even after intervention there are no noticeable changes, while the alternative hypothesis states that treatment/ intervention results in changes (Norman & Streiner, 2008). In this case, the expected change as represented by the alternative hypothesis is that there will be lower cholesterol levels for the intervention group. The significant test as well as the test statistic help to evaluate the null hypothesis, with the P- value then determining the association, and all the parameters are necessary is assessing if the null hypothesis is to be rejected. It is assumed that the null hypothesis is true, while rejecting a true null hypothesis or accepting a null hypothesis that is false results in type I and II errors respectively.
Determine the test statistic that you will use
CholesterolNo cholesteroldecreaseddecreaseTotalTreatment381856No treatment302858Total6846114
Expected Cell frequencies33.422.634.623.4 Whereby: E11=56*68/114
E12=56*46/114
E21=58*68/114
E22=58*46/117
Since the data is provided in a tabular format...