Africa in the World Economy

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Question 1
During the second half of the 18th century, the number of enslaved Africans carried to the New World reached an all-time high through Africa's ancient history of statehood and the time of the agricultural revolution are both fascinating topics. Commodity exports filled the void left by the end of the Atlantic slave trade in reaction to anti-slave trade legislation. African commodities export growth was boosted by the installation of colonial power in the continent's interior (Adamopoulos & Restuccia, 2014). When this commercial transformation was implemented in East Africa, it had already been completed in West Africa. Apart from the fact that it marked a significant step forward in the evolution of tropical agriculture into land-intensive forms, including small farmers, communal farms, and estates, it also ended the constant departure of restricted labor from the region.
Due to the infestation of the tsetse flies and the loss of African cattle, rail networks in Africa had to be built with the help of European colonial powers to bring about significant changes to the African labor and land markets (Alsan, 2015). Even though colonial governments prohibited slavery, other forms of forced labor, including child labor, were developed in its place. Regardless, the African scramble may never have taken place if it were not for the commercialization that preceded it. Changing Africa's commercial landscape is critical in light of North Atlantic industrialization's rising demand for industrial inputs.
Manufacturers and raw materials were in high demand throughout Africa because of the absence of plow agriculture, transportation revolutions, free trade policies in Europe, and rising GDP growth rates. Exports of palm oil, groundnut oil, gum, ivory, gold, and skins and hides increased due to African producers meeting this need. In addition to its use as an ingredient in food and soap, palm oil was a significant export. Trade-in of basic materials like rubber and copper was brisk before and after the rush. Cash crops like cocoa and coffee also made an appearance. Most of these products made their way to firms and consumers in Europe before being sent out.
Colonization costs were reduced even further in the twentieth century due to technical advancements in Europe. For Europeans in Africa's parched and disease-ridden interior, this achievement was made possible by the Maxim gun. Diplomats met in Berlin in 1884 to debate how to divide Africa among the European imperialists, which is when the price growth peaked, according to historical records (Michalopoulos & Papaioannou, 2016). When the value of African exports peaked in terms of the exchange rate, a flurry of activity ensued. The value of trade terms has more than tripled in the last four decades. Commodities exporters have seen a rebound in business, but Africa has been the most impressive.
Question 2
An enormous amount of research has been done to figure out what is causing Africa's growth problem. Slavery had a disastrous effect on African society, as recounted by African historians. Case studies show that slavery resulted in political and social fragmentation, the weake...