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2 pages/≈550 words
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APA
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Literature & Language
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English (U.S.)
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The summary for discussion 2. Work and living conditions

Essay Instructions:

I uploaded a copy of my lecture notes. The content is the results and some ideas that the professor discussed with us. I have also uploaded the background literature and some specific questions. Please complete the summary according to the background literature and the class notes.
（Here are some requirements
Dear Class
We completed our second discussion with a very strong crew of volunteers. A 2-3 page (1.5 spacing) summary of the discussion is due from all students. You are responsible for identifying the most significant points from discussion and describing the classes understanding of that material. In a broad summary, it connects to our model by looking at the consequences of different productivity growth rates for a wide variety of outcomes associated with welfare. Our goal is to add one or two more chapters and at least one more discussion before the end of the semester. In the next chapter we will discuss how to modify the model (and it is a major modification) to discuss unemployment or to allow for unsuccessful job searches. I would strongly encourage you to look at the chapter on job search before Wednesday's class.
Our next discussion will begin next Monday November 18. That discussion will about trends in mortality and health which is both another measure of welfare closely related to productivity growth, but also as individuals live longer, a force that can give an economy a larger labor force to produce consumption.
If you are working on the midterm extra credits and have any outstanding questions, do let me know.
David Benjamin）

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Summary for discussion 2
Work and living conditions
In the 1800s, work was mainly on farms and manufacturing companies such as steel. In this period, majority of the workers were men and wages were low. Due to low wages and slow technological innovation, houses were heated with coal, which was unsafe. However, after World War II, work environment became safe as people moved from farms and mining sites to the service industry. Air conditioning in offices established a favorable working environment that significantly increased the productivity of white collar workers. The working hours were also shortened from 60 hours to 40 hours per week. The air conditioners were also installed in houses improving the health of mothers and children. Electric and gas lines were also installed in majority of the homes.
Unlike today where income inequality is prevalent, from 1890s to 1969, there was little disparity in employees’ wages. As a result, white collar and blue collar workers lived in the same neighborhood and had equal chance of owning property. However, between 1970 and 1998, income distribution jumped from 50 to 250 times the national average income level. This created a large gap between the top earners and low earners and has remained the same until today. Additionally, before 1920, people used to work until death because there was no retirement. However, in 1935, Social Security legislation was passed and a pension system was established. Since people had money after retirement, golf courses, re...
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