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Early Modern Europe: The Changes in Life for the Average Person Between 1400 and 1800

Essay Instructions:

Rennaiscience (History course)
Immanuel Kant dares you to show what you know about early modern Europe. He asks that you focus solely on the materials from this course. Kant freaks out when he reads things taken from random websites or other material not assigned in the course. The idea is to think about what we did specifically in this class. (For example, ONLY FROM TEXTBOOK LIKE THE EUROPEAN WORLD, LIVES UNCOVERED, http://www(dot)humanrights(dot)com/what-are-human-rights.html, http://chnm(dot)gmu(dot)edu/revolution/etc),
Kant politely asks that you write at least 550 to 750 words (2+ to 3 pages, typed and double-spaced) on one of the topics below (a little more is fine too). This is a thought essay but do try to have a clear thesis and provide some examples or evidence from course texts where appropriate.
1. Did life for the “average” person change in fundamental ways between 1400 and 1800? If you took the average man or woman, say a farmer/peasant, craftsperson, small-time merchant, or their wife, and compared their lives in 1400 and in 1800 how much do you think their lives had changed? What aspects of life changed the most, and what changed the least? You can think in terms of their everyday lives, their work, their leisure, their homes, their education, occupational opportunities and the like. How might they view things like religion, politics or medicine? Was the average person’s life fundamentally the same or different in important and essential ways?
You can focus on a single “type” or look at more than one but focus has advantages. Be clear about gender, status and profession as you think about this—as well as where the person lived. You can make comparisons to others whose lives might have changed more or less (in the same time period).
2. What was not modern about early modern Europe? Some scholars view the period from roughly 1400 to 1800 as marking the beginning of modernity, hence the period is called early modern. Others believe it is more useful to think of the period as an extension of earlier history, and that industrialization marks the real break toward modernity. The period did witness many changes but these do not necessarily mark out a linear movement toward modernity. So write about the ways the period was not modern.
3. By 1800 Europe had emerged “as the major driving force behind global developments.” (Kümin, 2nd ed, p 362) In what specific ways was Europe a driving force in the world by 1800? How had Europe come to play this role? What were the limitations of European influence? Be sure to include that last point and be careful to look at expansion only up to 1800 and not include the extensive colonization of the nineteenth century in your answer.

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Early Modern Europe
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1 Did the life for the “average” person change in fundamental ways between 1400 and 1800? If you took the average man or woman, say a farmer/ peasant, craftsperson, small-time merchant, or their wife and compare their lives in 1400 and in 1800 how much do you think their lives have changed? What aspects of life changed the most, and what changed the least? You can think in terms of their everyday lives, their work, their leisure, their homes, their education, occupational opportunities, and the like. How might they view things like religion, politics, or medicine? Was the average person’s life fundamentally the same, or different in important and essential ways?
Back in the 1420s, wet nursing was serious business that was often managed by the nurse’s husband, in the book of Piero di Viccio he accounted that in Florence infants were nursed in varying duration; some stays for a year, others for two, some were nursed for two months, others are just for two weeks. The payment differs in accordance to the baby’s gender, the class or status of the parents, and on how fresh the nurse’s milk is. The infant’s parents may provide furniture and clothing, and if an exclusive contract was demanded, the nurse’s very own child would be temporarily taken care of a cheaper wet nurse far from the city. In between these contracts, the nurse might take in infants who had been left out for the city’s foundling home or charitable hospitals.
In Piero’s writing, he noted some of his and his wife’s business records, and some of his experience with giving his daughter to a wet nurse; in 20th of October 1422, they nursed a child for a salary of 4 lire per month, this agreement lasted until the 9th of August 1424 totaling a 51 lire and 17 soldi; in 20th October 1424, he put a child to a nurse for two fiorini per month with an agreement of the wet nursing to last for two years with a total of 48 ...
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