Differences on How Zambia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, and Botswana Address HIV/AIDS

Please respond to Alicia, Kimberlee, Jessie about their post in 3 different paragraphs as if you were me. Not in 3rd person.
Uganda
Government Role:
The government had an active role in unifying several community groups in an effort to reduce the AIDS rate. President Yoweri Museveni established the country’s first AIDS Control Program. “He also asked for help from research and public health organizations worldwide, announcing that Uganda would participate in African vaccine trials. He involved religious and traditional leaders, community groups, and non-governmental agencies, in a unified effort to slow the spread of the disease and provide care and support for the victims” (Fearn-Banks, 2016). The infection rate did drop. Under George W Bush’s Emergency Plan for Aids relief, over 31 million was raised for Uganda.
Use of Media:
Media campaigns were utilized, radio broadcast messaging was used, rallies were held, posters were put up in high traffic areas. Street advertisements even promoted awareness. Messages were drafted specifically for targeted key publics.
Messages: “Save yourself for marriage, it’s the right thing to do,” & “Beware of Sugar Daddies,” & “Get Tested. Stay Healthy. Stay Negative”
A television drama titled Centre 4 was produced; it targeted women and men ages 18-36. The storylines surrounded HIV/AIDS and other concerning health issues. The audience reach was impressive, reaching millions of homes in over twenty African countries. The show employed many members from Uganda.
Family life, Societal traditions, Language and Gender Roles:
When a bride is marrying into the family, she is not protected from the other men, such as the father or brothers of the groom. Most women have very little to no protection about who owns them and how they contract AIDS. Most Ugandans are religious, religious leaders and faith-based organizations have impacted spreading awareness regarding abstinence.
A: Abstinence
B: Faithful to one partner
C: Consistent use of condoms
Poverty Levels, Education Levels in the Region:
“In rural areas, 88 percent of the population, people value appearing wealthy. This includes owning livestock, bicycles, and even multiple wives” (Fearn-Banks, 2016). Teachers play a role in educating their students on HIV and AIDS.
Other Issues:
Virgin Scholarships “offered to teenage girls who could prove their virginity through gynecological exams” (Fearn-Banks, 2016). This was clearly problematic for several reasons, but especially ostracizing for rape victims.
Zambia:
Government Role:
The government did not play an active role compared to Uganda’s government, and I would consider them non-participatory. Well-known politicians did agree to get tested publicly, helping to relieve some stigma attached to getting tested and potentially testing positive. But “in 2005, the Zambian government admitted it does not encourage mandatory testing but does encourage voluntary testing and routine tests for at-risk patients” (Fearn-Banks, 2016).
Use of Media:
Television is available, radio is available in certain rural areas, but most news is passed by word of mouth. Newspapers do not circulate in rural areas.
Messages: “Sex thrills, but AIDS kills”
A radio drama was produced called Gama Cuula. Encourages the audience to adopt safe behaviors and talk openly about HIV/Aids (Fearn-Banks, 2016).
Family life, Societal traditions, Language and Gender Roles:
Women and girls are expected to be submissive and must obey their husbands’ commands.
Women would be ostracized for having HIV/AIDS even if they contracted it from their husbands.
Extended families are large and very common. If the father must work out of town, it is not uncommon for the mother to be the head of the household, sometimes even the oldest children.
“80 percent of Zambians are Christians, and 10 percent are Muslim” (Fearn-Banks, 2016).
Sex for sale is a prominent practice
72 languages are spoken (Fearn-Banks, 2016).
Poverty Levels, Education Levels in the Region:
HIV/AIDS impacts Zambians from every socioeconomic background. From our text, we found out that “unlike other countries with a high incidence of the disease, HIV does not merely affect the underprivileged or uneducated; there is a high rate among the wealthy and numerous teachers and educated professionals have the virus” (Fearn-Banks, 2016).
Education is valued but cannot be afforded by all. “The government will pay teachers for salaries, but parents must buy uniforms and books” (Fearn-Banks, 2016).
72 languages are spoken, access to translations for educational content is nearly impossible.
If a family cannot afford to send all their children to school, the male will get to attend over the female.
Other Issues:
Did release a U-Report program that allowed people to get information about their current HIV status through their mobile device.
More than 14 percent of the population tested HIV positive in 2009 (Fearn-Banks, 2016).
Reference
Fearn-Banks, K. (2016). Crisis Communications: A Casebook Approach (Routledge Communication Series) (5th ed.) [E-book]. Routledge. https://read(dot)amazon(dot)com/?asin=B01JSIQJV8
Apr 27, 2021 at 8:50 AM
The HIV/AIDs crisis has had a tragic affect for anyone who came across it. Uganda and Zimbabwe are amongst those countries that have been hit the hardest. HIV/Aids first surfaced in Uganda in 1982. In the years to follow it left around 2 million Ugandans dead and about 1.5 million children orphaned (Fearn-Banks, 2017). In Zimbabwe it was believed that 15% of the population lived with HIV/AIDs and about 1 million kids were left as orphans as a result (Fearn-Banks, 2017). Both countries had traditions and believes that might of increased the spread of HIV/ AIDs. One common practice was having multiple sex partners, as well as engaging in sex at a young age (Fearn-Banks, 2017). In result these two topics were the primary focus in the prevention of the spread of AIDs/HIV in both countries.
Some similar tactics both countries used to stop the spread of HIV/AIDs were the media, televisions, radio, flyers or posters to spread education and awareness. Both countries also focused on their target age group being youth (Fearn- Banks, 2017). Another primary target group for both countries were women. They both made it a point that practicing abstinence would be a good method to stop the spread of HIV/AIDs (Fearn-Banks, 2017). Uganda used their ABC approach and Zimbabwe used their Steps to Behavior Change Framework (Fearn-Banks, 2017). Both countries reached out to researchers and world health organizations all around the world for help to educate those within their nation. Both countries specifically worked with John Hopkins University to develop some sort of educational workshop or groups to use within their countries (Fearn-Banks, 2017). Uganda and Zimbabwe put forth their best tactics to slow the spread of HIV/AIDs.
Uganda and Zimbabwe however had different struggles that they faced in slowing the spread of HIV/AIDs. In Zimbabwe, most teachers were seen not as good role models as many of them had HIV/AIDS themselves. Thus, famous soccer players, hairdressers and barbers were trained and educated to provide education to the youth instead (Fearn-Banks, 2017). The use of condoms differed in Zimbabwe than in Uganda. In Zimbabwe due to many people being catholic, the use of condoms was not a primary tool to focus the stop of HIV/AIDs because their religion did not support the use of them. However, in Uganda condoms were given to everyone and even had a large sum of money funded to ensure everyone received access to them (Fearn-Banks, 2017). Zimbabwe was limited with the amount of media they used in educating the public. Their primary use of media was pamphlets, flyers and radio, as most rural places did not have access to televisions, like in Uganda. However, they did incorporate theater troupes going to malls, schools, and churches to spread education. Whereas Ugandan had more access to televisions, so they were able to air a 13 series drama that focused on HIV/AIDs and safe births education. Finally, one last difference that played a vital role in the spread of HIV/AIDS was Uganda was able to put more emphasis on stopping the spread of HIV/AIDs, because they were not troubled with another crisis. Although Zimbabwe did focus a lot on stopping the spread of HIV/AIDs, they were faced with food insecurity, drought, unemployment, and poverty which was more of a concern to them in their society then a disease (Fearn-Banks, 2017). Both countries had their individuals troubles they had to overcome along with fighting the spread of HIV/AIDs.
References
Fearn-Banks, K. (2017). Crisis communications theory. In J. Bryant & D. Zillman (Eds.), Crisis communications: A casebook approach (pp. 17-27). New York, NY: Routledge.
HIV/AIDS Policies in Botswana and Uganda:
Uganda:

Government Role;
First AIDS control Program established in 1986 by Milton Obote.
Consulted research professionals and public health organizations worldwide.
Involved religious and traditional leaders, community groups and non-governmental agencies in the prevention campaign.
Government launched media campaign; billboards, radio broadcasts, rallies, posters put up in key locations, AIDS education, TV shows aired, etc.
Use of Media;
Used ABC strategy: “Abstinence, Be Faithful, Condomize”.
Participated in the African vaccine trials.
Organized workshops and websites for key publics.
“Virgin Scholarships”: girls who could prove their virginity would have their tuition fees paid for by Ugandan lawmaker Sulaiman Madada.
“Go Red” & “Stay Negative” campaigns.
Societal influence;
Government and community organizations working together was how Uganda was able to successfully generated a unified effort to slow the spread of the disease and provide care/support for the victims.
Poverty/Education;
Campaigns were effectively launched through the various media outlets targeting the general Ugandan population, and focused educational efforts were made by teachers in schools and community leaders and faith based organizations.
“Messages were drafted differently to impress different groups depending on their cultures and needs and their ability to comply” (Fearn-Banks, 2017, p.163).
Botswana:
Government Role;
Government developed the Botswana National Policy on Aids (President Festus Mogae).
Attempted to implement ABC strategy: “Abstinence, Be Faithful, Condomize”.
Became the first African country to provide antiretroviral therapy (ARV) to it’s citizens.
Government promoted the “Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission” program (PMTCT).
African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnership (ACHAP): a program which The Botswanan Government, The Gates Foundation and Merck collaborate - over $50M each donated from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and The Merck Company.
The Youth Health Organization (YOHO); a non-governmental organization (NGO) providing sex education through school plays and other Botswanan specific AIDS-related materials (Fearn-Banks, 2017, p.168).
Use of Media;
Media campaign launched; posters, billboards and radio broadcasts but was not effective due to key publics being targeted not appropriately educated on the subject / did not understand the message.
1997 – 2002: effort to identify key publics was made in Botswana.
Once key publics were identified, they were targeted through: HIV/AIDS prevention TV shows, seminars, workshops, radio broadcasts, etc.
“Miss HIV Stigma Free” Pageant broadcasted on CNN and BBC annually (Fearn-Banks, 2017, p. 168).
“Peer Education”: a strategy used to get male and female (youth particularly) to purchase condoms was known as
“Know your status”: campaign to get Botswanans between ages 18 – 49 years of age to voluntarily seek counsel and testing that gave immediate results and did so confidentially.
Societal Influence;
Once the region was able to identify key publics and provide appropriate education surrounding the message and urgency behind HIV/AIDS, the campaign(s) became very successful and effective.
Poverty/Education;
At first, the disease became known as “the radio disease” due to the inaccuracy of campaign launch/not correctly delivering message to key publics.
Education on HIV/AIDS proved critical for effective campaigns.
“Miss HIV Stigma Free”: Beauty pageant comprised of HIV positive women, intended to show the rest of the world that living a full life with AIDS is possible.
References;
Fearn-Banks, K. (2017). Crisis Communications: A Casebook Approach (5th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group.