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Health, Medicine, Nursing
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The Psychiatric Evaluation and Evidence-Based Rating Scales

Essay Instructions:

Review this week's Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide regarding psychiatric assessment and diagnosis.
Consider the elements of the psychiatric interview, history, and examination.
Consider the assessment tool assigned to you by the Course Instructor.
Post a brief explanation of three important components of the psychiatric interview and why you consider these elements important. Explain the psychometric properties of the rating scale you were assigned. Explain when it is appropriate to use this rating scale with clients during the psychiatric interview and how the scale is helpful to a nurse practitioner’s psychiatric assessment. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.
Required Reading:
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Section I: DSM-5 basics. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., pp. 5–29). Author.
Carlat, D. J. (2017). The psychiatric interview (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 34, Writing Up the Results of the Interview
Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry (11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 5, Examination and Diagnosis of the Psychiatric Patient
Chapter 6, Classification in Psychiatry
Chapter 31, Child Psychiatry (Sections 31.1 and 31.2 only)
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (1995). Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents. https://www(dot)aacap(dot)org/App_Themes/AACAP/docs/practice_parameters/psychiatric_assessment_practice_parameter.pdf
American Psychiatric Association. (2016). Practice guidelines for the psychiatric evaluation of adults (3rd ed.). https://psychiatryonline(dot)org/doi/pdf/10.1176/appi.books.9780890426760
Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2017). Classification in psychiatry. In Kaplan and Sadock’s Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry (4th ed., pp. 1–8). Wolters Kluwer.
Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2017). Psychiatric interview, history, and mental status examination. In Kaplan and Sadock’s Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry (4th ed., pp. 9–15). Wolters Kluwer.
Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2017). Medical assessment and laboratory testing in psychiatry. In Kaplan and Sadock’s Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry (4th ed., pp. 16–21). Wolters Kluwer.

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Psychiatric Evaluation and Evidence-based Rating Scales
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale is an assessment tool that is used by medical professionals to check symptoms of psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression. The questionnaire consists of 18 types of symptoms, each of which to be graded depending on the observed behavior and speech of the patient. Some of the characteristics or symptoms that are asked are unusual thought content, blunt affect, emotional withdrawal, hallucinatory behavior, and suspiciousness. (Park, et al., 2017).
The three most important components when conducting the psychiatric interview are the following, appearance, and general behavior, speech, and thought process. The appearance and general behavior of patients can be done as soon as the patient is first seen. The appearance and how the patient looks and carries himself already tells a lot even without him/her answering questions. For the speech, it includes spontaneity, volume, rate, and coherence. This is important because a manic patient demonstrates fast speech while patients suffering from depression tend to speak a lot slower. Lastly, the thought process is important because it identifies whether the patient is disconnected or having difficulty with aspects such as thought association and logic (Henriksen, 2018).
To assure the reliability and validity of the psychiatric assessment tools that are used during patient interviews, the psychometric properties should be revealed that the tool is consistent and it measures what it is supposed to measure. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale has the following psychometric properties:
* A range of 0.67 to 0.95 inter-rater reliability for total scores
* A range of 0.56 (indicating tension) to 0.87 (indicating feelings of guilt, and hallucinatory behavior) for the inter-rater reliability for the scales
* It is also found to have good validity in assessing psychoses (Zhu, et al., 2019).
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale is conducted by the clinician during the interview. The time it takes to conduct this is about 15 to 30 minutes. It can be for both in-patient and out-patient status. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale is graded by the clinician depending on his/her obse...
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