Statistical Concepts: The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Statistical Concepts
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Statistical Concepts
Introduction
Many at times people develop illnesses as a result of a prolonged stay in a medical facility. Health-care Associated Infections (HAIs) is the term used to refer to these kinds of illnesses. According to ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"RYBuV0Ev","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Haque et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Haque et al., 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":753,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/IBolxqVE/items/6YKQ2HB2"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/IBolxqVE/items/6YKQ2HB2"],"itemData":{"id":753,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Health care-associated infections (HCAIs) are infections that occur while receiving health care, developed in a hospital or other health care facility that first appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission, or within 30 days after having received health care. Multiple studies indicate that the common types of adverse events affecting hospitalized patients are adverse drug events, HCAIs, and surgical complications. The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention identifies that nearly 1.7 million hospitalized patients annually acquire HCAIs while being treated for other health issues and that more than 98,000 patients (one in 17) die due to these. Several studies suggest that simple infection-control procedures such as cleaning hands with an alcohol-based hand rub can help prevent HCAIs and save lives, reduce morbidity, and minimize health care costs. Routine educational interventions for health care professionals can help change their hand-washing practices to prevent the spread of infection. In support of this, the WHO has produced guidelines to promote hand-washing practices among member countries.,","container-title":"Infection and Drug Resistance","DOI":"10.2147/IDR.S177247","ISSN":"1178-6973","journalAbbreviation":"Infect Drug Resist","note":"PMID: 30532565\nPMCID: PMC6245375","page":"2321-2333","source":"PubMed Central","title":"Health care-associated infections – an overview","volume":"11","author":[{"family":"Haque","given":"Mainul"},{"family":"Sartelli","given":"Massimo"},{"family":"McKimm","given":"Judy"},{"family":"Abu Bakar","given":"Muhamad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",11,15]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} Haque et al., (2018), HAI infections can be detected as early as two days after hospitalization or can even last for up to 30 days before being detected. Research indicates that other than adverse drug events and surgical complications, HAIs are one of the major causes of death among patients admitted to hospitals ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"sphllr3y","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Haque et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Haque et al., 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":753,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/IBolxqVE/items/6YKQ2HB2"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/IBolxqVE/items/6YKQ2HB2"],"itemData":{"id":753,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Health care-associated infections (HCAIs) are infections that occur while receiving health care, developed in a hospital or other health care facility that first appear 48 hours or...