Physiological Differences Between Children and Adults

Physiological Differences Between Children and Adults and Impact on Exercise Assessment and Program Design
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Physiological Differences Between Children and Adults and Impact on Exercise Assessment and Program Design
A healthy child records negligible cardiovascular function values compared to their adult counterparts, although they coincide with an individual’s size of the body. A child’s muscle fibers density, as well as his or her enzyme activities, are not similar to those of adults. Nevertheless, such discrepancies diminish as the child attains age six. On the contrary, the thickness of the muscle fiber expands from birth to eighteen years, and such an improvement is supported by increasing the strength of the muscles. Accordingly, the exercise assessment and training program design needs to consider the rise in maximal oxygen consumption that happens concurrent with human growth and maturation, mainly because it is attributed to muscle mass appreciation (Clemente et al., 2020).
During exercise, cardiac output and heart rate increase in the adult as in the child. However, the child’s heart rate is more significant, and the stroke volume smaller than in adults. In addition, the exercising child’s arteriovenous oxygen difference is higher than their adult counterparts. A child’s blood pressure records minimal response to training or strenuous exercise. Although exercise ventilation in the child is less efficient, it appears that ventilation control during exercise is similar in adults as in children. Children, including youths, are not good at core temperature regulation during physical activity compared to their adult counterparts. Furthermore, children are more constantly dehydrated than adults. Overall, children’s and adults’ responses to aerobic training are similar, but such exercise within the initial stages of life has negligible ramifications. Blood lipid levels in children are favorably influenced by constant endurance activity. Moreover, aerobic training augments children’s ventilatory efficiency when exercising. Such physiological differences between...