Adult following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Balloon Angioplasty and Intracoronary Stent Insertion Challenges

Adult following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Balloon Angioplasty and Intracoronary Stent Insertion Challenges
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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Balloon Angioplasty and Intracoronary Stent
Introduction
Using Balloon Angioplasty and Stent insertion has gained recognition over the past several years as a means of treatment for Coronary Artery blockages. However, studies have indicated that utilization of these stents may possibly create disorder in the aortic wall or aneurysm at the ends of the stents.
A patient Michael, who is 56 years old, has been put to the high dependency acute cardiac unit after developing complications after a Balloon Angioplasty and Stent insertion into his coronary arteries. He is under Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, his coronary arteries give reduced blood flow to his heart muscles, which leads to a reduction in the oxygen needed by the muscles. This is as a result of the thickening of the arteries walls. The Balloon Angioplasty and Stent insertion procedures aimed to restore sufficient blood flow within his arteries by expanding the thickened walls. The treatment procedure involves the use of a local an aesthetic that has a mild sedation effect allowing the patient to stay awake during the whole operation. A sheath was inserted into his femoral artery in his groin region to insert the stent in his artery by use of catheters. It was removed while he was still in theatre. The coronary artery with the blockage or atheroma was widened and his blood flow restored. The site was compressed and the wound dressed with an opposite dressing on his groin’s left side. He was taken to out of the ICU to the ward to heal slowly but he developed complications of bleeding and groin pain. He had to be returned to the high dependency acute cardiac care unit for intervention.
Angioplasty and stent insertion procedures were initially performed on Michael by inserting a sheath into his femoral artery found in the groin area. Many people resume their usual activities after 7–10 days past the procedure. The patient was lying comfortably and his recovery was under telemetry monitoring. An initial observation had recorded his blood pressure (120/80), pulse (80/min), respiratory rate (18/min) and temperature (36.9°C). An afterward observation indicated a change to 100/70, 110/min, 20/min and 37˚C respectively. His limbs have turned pale, moist and cold. This information indicates that his vital signs are unstable and that Michael has fallen more ill. An observation of the sheath insertion site has revealed severe bleeding in the groin area. The bleeding has to be controlled in order to avert adverse physiologic effects that could result from the blood loss. It is apparent that the natural course of blood clotting has not occurred. As a result, Michael is in serious need for immediate intervention to achieve and maintain haemostasis to stop the arterial bleeding.
The sheath ha...