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MPH504 Epidemiology Mod 4 SLP: Measures of Association

Essay Instructions:

Please use the MPH504 Case assignment to answer the questions.
Module 4 - SLP
MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION
PART IV - Analysis and Interpretation
In the case-control study, the odds ratio for alfalfa sprouts was 29, with the 95% confidence interval 7.5 - 545.2.
Session Long Project
Answer these questions
Is this odds ratio statistically significant? Please explain.
Do you think there is a causal relationship between exposure (eating alfalfa sprouts) and disease? Please explain (using the applicable criteria under "Does Association Mean Causality" in your modular homepage)
SLP Assignment Expectations
Length: SLP assignments should be at least 2 pages (500 words) in length.
References: At least two references must be included from academic sources (e.g. peer-reviewed journal articles). Required readings are included. Quoted material should not exceed 10% of the total paper (since the focus of these assignments is critical thinking). Use your own words and build on the ideas of others. When material is copied verbatim from external sources, it MUST be enclosed in quotes. The references should be cited within the text and also listed at the end of the assignment in the References section (APA format recommended).
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to question
Format: APA format is recommended for this assignment. See Syllabus page for more information on APA format.
Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted, assignments are expected to adhere to standards guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity.
The following items will be assessed in particular:
Achievement of learning objectives for SLP assignment
Relevance (e.g. all content is connected to the question)
Precision (e.g. specific question is addressed. Statements, facts, and statistics are specific and accurate).
Depth of discussion (e.g. present and integrate points that lead to deeper issues)
Breadth (e.g. multiple perspectives and references, multiple issues/factors considered)
Evidence (e.g. points are well-supported with facts, statistics and references)
Logic (e.g. presented discussion makes sense, conclusions are logically supported by premises, statements, or factual information)
Clarity (e.g. writing is concise, understandable, and contains sufficient detail or examples)
Objectivity (e.g. avoid use of first person and subjective bias)

Essay Sample Content Preview:

MPH504 Epidemiology MOD 4 SLP: Measures of Association
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Measures of Association
Is this odds ratio statistically significant? Please explain.
It is important to measure the odd ratio of association that exists between the exposure and the outcome. The odd ratio represents the odds that may occur given a specific exposure as compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure. In case-control studies, odd ratio can also be useful in analyzing cross-sectional as cohort study designs, odd ratios are used and as assumptions (Oleckno, 2002).
The odd ratio for alfalfa sprouts is statistically significant because it helps compare the relative odds of the occurrence of an outcome that is of interest. Given a situation where the variable of interest includes patients medical history, for example, the odd ratio can be used to identify whether a specific exposure can be a risk factor for a specific outcome or not. Therefore, odd ratio can be used to compare the magnitude of various risk factors for a particular outcome (Oleckno, 2002).
Do you think there is a causal relationship between exposure (eating alfalfa sprouts) and disease? Please explain (using the applicable criteria under "Does Association Mean Causality" in your modular homepage)
There is a causal relationship between exposure and disease because eating alfalfa sprouts were associated with some characteristics of the disease that results from eating lettuce in the salad. This relationship can help understand the issue of cross contamination (Szklo & Nieto, 2007). An infected person might have eaten other food items like sandwich or salad ingredients, it is possible that other food items were contaminated from the same source as the water used for rinsing this food. This is an example of a causal relationship that exsit between exposur...
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