Identifying Various Urinary Disorders

Urinary Disorders
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A 45-year-old grocery sales clerk has been suffering from bouts of severe pain in his left flank region. He blamed it on prolonged standing for 8 hours straight while working. He was taking over-the-counter pain medications for his pain. One day, he found fresh blood in his urine. He went to a doctor who performed urine tests, CT scans, and x-rays. He was diagnosed with urinary calculi.
Discuss possible factors that may have been responsible for the development of the stone and use this case to show how the patient's diet and water intake can help analyze the composition of the calculi.
Urinary calculi (stones) form when deposits of minerals and salts in the urine crystallize and stick together. The minerals crystallize and clump together to form stones (Daudon et al., 2018). Different factors increase the risk of stones forming, including medical conditions, diet, excess body weight, medical conditions, supplements, and medications. For the 45-year old grocery sales clerk, the likely causes are dehydration, his age, diet with high sodium and protein levels, dehydration, over-the-counter medications, and possibly family history. Low water intake results in the urine being highly concentrated, and there is a greater risk of dehydration, increasing the risk of stones formation.
What would be the test results of his white blood cells, blood calcium levels, CT scan, and x-ray?
 White blood cells (leukocytes) would be high with kidney stones because there may be infections. High blood calcium levels increase the risk of new stones developing and the bones weakening. The calcium oxalate stone is the most common type of kidney stones.  CT scan is one of the imaging tests to check for kidney stones in the urinary tract and detect any abnormalities, including obstructions, lesions, and tumors. The x-rays show the location of stones in the urinary tract where there are images of the urinary tract and the abdomen, but x-rays tend to find larger stones, but CT ...