Hypertension in Older Adults

Hypertension in Older Adults
Hypertension is a major health concern among the aged. Anker et al. (2018) define hypertension as a condition of extreme elevation of pressure against the arteries. Long-term exposure to hypertension has adverse consequences for the patients causing risk factors such as dementia, arterial disease, heart failure, and stroke, leading to premature death. Hypertension may be primary or secondary, depending on the intensity. Secondary hypertension amounts to 6-10% of the cases caused by endocrine disorders and kidney diseases (Anker et al., 2018). The remaining percentage is caused by primary factors such as genetic factors and poor lifestyle. Hypertension is also classified based on blood pressure, which can be diastolic or systolic. However, adults' normal blood pressure range is between 140/90 and 130/80mmHg (Oliveros et al., 2020). Medications, stress, and lifestyle changes lead to changes in the normal blood pressure causing hypertension. However, lifestyle adjustments such as reducing salt intake, physical activeness, and weight loss are classified may be primary solutions to hypertension. High blood pressure is accompanied by specific signs and symptoms, including nose bleeds and shortness of breath. The symptoms are not specific and vary from one person to another. The paper addresses hypertension in older adults and evidence-based clinical solutions.
Background
Hypertension among older adults is majorly linked to stress. According to Oliveros et al. (2020), stress is a primary cause of hypertension, leading to depression among older adults. Resistance to normal blood flow is a major issue in most adults due to late-life actions and inconveniences. Stress is common among older adults and leads to vasoconstriction, causing hypertension (Oliveros et al., 2020). Besides, it may be accounted for by diastolic dysfunction, cardiac preload, and venous return. Older adults also experience pulse pressure leading to isolated systolic hypertension. The older people have increased arterial stiffness caused by aging and are highly impacted by high blood pressure. Due to increased stressful experiences and situations, the body is forced to produce surge hormones; the hormones make the heart beat faster and narrows the blood vessels, which leads to increased pressure. However, older adults experience chronic stress, which is long-term, exposing them to hypertension and adverse effects such as stroke. Different interventions have been researched to address common hypertension among older adults. However, most interventions are not mutually exclusive and may cause other challenges such as vascular issues. Therefore, the project highlights the most effective, feasible, and cost-effective intervention in addressing hypertension among older adults.
Clinical Problem Statement
Hypertension is a critical issue accompanied by different clinical problems. Heart attack and stroke are the main issues accompanying hypertension in older adults. The two problems are caused by the hardening and thickening of the arteries, which is common among older adults. The weak body system of older adults affects critical organs such as the heart, exposing them to extreme danger. Besides, according to World Health Organization (2022...