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Pages:
4 pages/≈1100 words
Sources:
4 Sources
Style:
APA
Subject:
Health, Medicine, Nursing
Type:
Essay
Language:
English (U.S.)
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MS Word
Date:
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$ 17.28
Topic:

Etiology and Risk Factors

Essay Instructions:

This project is an in-depth investigation of a health condition. It will allow for the expansion of knowledge and the ability to generalize larger concepts to a variety of health conditions.
Course outcomes: This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes.
1. Explain the pathophysiologic processes of select health conditions. (PO 1)
2. Predict clinical manifestations and complications of select disease processes. (PO 1, 8)
3. Correlate lifestyle, environmental, and other influences with changes in levels of wellness. (PO 1, 7)
Due date: Your faculty member will inform you when this assignment is due. The Late Assignment Policy applies to this assignment.
Total points possible: 100 points
Preparing the assignment
Follow these guidelines when completing this assignment. Speak with your faculty member if you have questions.
1) Select a disease process that interests you.
2) Obtain approval of the selected disease process from the course faculty.
a. Faculty will share how to submit your topic choice for approval.
3) Write a 2-3-page paper (excluding title and reference pages).
4) Include the following sections about the selected disease process (detailed criteria listed below and in the Grading Rubric).
a. Introduction of disease - 10 points/10%
• One paragraph (approximately 200 words)
• Includes disease description
• Includes epidemiology of disease
b. Etiology and risk factors - 20 points/20%
• Common causes of the disease or condition
• Risk factors for the disease or condition
• Impact of age
• Prevalence based on gender,
• Influence of environment
• Genetic basis of disease
• Lifestyle influences
• All information supported by current literature
c. Pathophysiological processes - 20 points/20%
• Describes changes occurring at the cellular, tissue, and/or organ level that contribute to the disease process.
• Describes adaptation of the cells and body in response to the disease.
• Relates disease processes to manifested signs and symptoms.
d. Clinical manifestations and complications - 20 points/20%
• Describes the physical signs and symptoms that are important in considering the presence of the disease.
• Identifies signs that contribute to diagnosis of the condition
• Identifies symptoms that contribute to diagnosis of the condition.
• Identifies complications of the disease.
• Discusses the implications to the patient when complications are left untreated.
e. Diagnostics - 10 points/10%
• Includes list of common laboratory and diagnostic tests used to determine the presence of the disease.

• Discusses the significance of test findings in relation to the disease process.
f. Interview - 10 points/10%
• Once the student has become familiar with the disorder, it is their responsibility to locate an individual living with the disease process to interview (interviewee). It is recommended that you find an individual first, then complete research and writing on the topic prior to performing the interview.
 The interviewee must be at least 18 years old and able to answer questions by themselves
 The interviewee must currently have the chronic disease/disorder. If an interviewee has been diagnosed with a disease/disorder but has NO manifestations or complications related to the disorder they DO NOT qualify for the assignment.
 Acute infections/diseases DO NOT qualify (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, flu, colds).
 The interviewee cannot be a patient from the clinical setting or a patient from your work environment (hospitals, doctor’s office, LTC facility, home health, etc.)
 The interviewee may be a relative, friend, colleague, or stranger.
 Please use the individual’s own words in relation to their experience with the disease/disorder.
• NOTE: This assignment is for educational purposes only. Students are NOT to provide any medical/nursing advice or education to interviewees. Refer interviewee questions to their physician.
• Interview Questions
 What is the age of the individual being interviewed? What is the relationship of the individual to you? How long have they had the disorder?
 What clinical manifestations of the disorder does the individual experience? How does it compare to what you discovered in your resources?
 What complications of the disorder does the individual experience? How does this compare to what you discovered in your resources?
 What other medical conditions/disorders has the individual been diagnosed with? Do their other medical conditions have any effect on the chosen disorder?
 How does the disease affect the individual’s daily living/activities? (repeat hospitalizations, has to take a lot of meds, any activity restrictions, a lot of appointments?)
 How does the disease/disorder affect the individual’s outlook on life? (Feel like a burden to family, do they have good family support, feel hopeless, optimistic, good coping mechanisms?)
 What did you learn from interviewing the individual?
g. APA Style and Organization - 10 points/10%
• References are submitted with assignment.
• Uses current APA format and is free of errors.
• Grammar and mechanics are free of errors.
• Paper is 2-3 pages, excluding title and reference pages.
• At least two (2) scholarly, primary sources from the last 5 years, excluding the textbook, are provided.
For writing assistance, visit the Writing Center.
Please note that your instructor may provide you with additional assessments in any form to determine that you fully understand the concepts learned.

Grading Rubric
Criteria are met when the student’s application of knowledge within the paper demonstrates achievement of the outcomes for this assignment.
Assignment Section and Required Criteria
(Points possible/% of total points available) Highest Level of Performance High Level of Performance Satisfactory Level of Performance Unsatisfactory Level of Performance Section Not Present
Introduction of Disease
(10 points/10%) 10 points 9 points 8 points 4 points 0 points
Required criteria
1. One (approximately 200 words) paragraph
2. Includes disease description
3. Includes epidemiology of disease Includes 3 requirements for section. Includes 2 requirements for section. Includes no less than 1 requirement for section. Present, yet includes no required criteria. No requirements for this section presented.
Etiology and Risk Factors
(20 points/20%) 20 points 18 points 16 points 7 points 0 points
Required criteria
1. Common causes of the disease or condition
2. Risk factors for the disease or condition
3. Impact of age
4. Prevalence based on gender
5. Influence of environment
6. Genetic basis of disease
7. Lifestyle influences
8. All information supported by current literature Includes 8 requirements for section. Includes 7 requirements for section. Includes 6 requirements for section. Includes 5 or fewer requirements for section. No requirements for this section presented.
Pathophysiological Processes
(20 points/20%) 20 points 18 points 16 points 7 points 0 points
Required criteria
1. Describes changes occurring at the cellular, tissue, and/or organ level that contribute to the disease process.
2. Describes adaptation of the cells and body in response to the disease.
3. Relates disease processes to manifested signs and symptoms.
Includes 3 requirements for section. Includes 2 requirements for section. Includes no less than 1 requirements for section. Section present yet includes no required criteria. No requirements for this section presented.

Clinical Manifestations & Complications
(20 points/20%) 20 points 18 points 16 points 7 points 0 points
Required criteria
1. Describes the physical signs and symptoms that are important in considering the presence of the disease.
2. Identifies signs that contribute to diagnosis of the condition
3. Identifies symptoms that contribute to diagnosis of the condition.
4. Identifies complications of the disease.
5. Discusses the implications to the patient when complications are left untreated. Includes 4 requirements for section. Includes 3 requirements for section. Includes 2 requirements for section. Includes 1 or fewer requirements for section. No requirements for this section presented.
Diagnostics
(10 points/10%) 10 points 4 points 0 points
Required criteria
1. Includes list of common laboratory and diagnostic tests used to determine the presence of the disease.
2. Discusses the significance of test findings in relation to the disease process. Includes 2 requirements for section. Includes 1 requirement for section. No requirements for this section presented.
Individual Interview
(10 points/10%) 10 points 9 points 8 points 4 points 0 points
Required criteria
1. What is the age of the individual being interviewed? What is the relationship of the individual to you? How long have they had the disorder?
2. What clinical manifestations of the disorder does the individual experience? How does it compare to what you discovered in your resources?
3. What complications of the disorder does the individual experience? How does this compare to what you discovered in your resources?
4. What other medical conditions/disorders has the individual been diagnosed with? Do their other medical conditions have any effect on the chosen disorder?
5. How does the disease affect the individual’s daily living/activities? (repeat hospitalizations, must take a lot of meds, any activity restrictions, a lot of appointments?)
6. How does the disease/disorder affect the individual’s outlook on life? (Feel like a burden to family, do they have good family support, feel hopeless, optimistic, good coping mechanisms?)
7. What did you learn from interviewing the individual? Includes answers to 7 question sets. Includes answers to 6 question sets. Includes answers to 5 question sets. Includes answers to 1-4 question sets. No question sets answered or section not present.
APA Style and Organization
(10 points/10%) 10 points 9 points 8 points 4 points 0 points
Required criteria
1. References are submitted with assignment.
2. Uses current APA format and is free of errors.
3. Grammar and mechanics are free of errors.
4. Paper is 2-3 pages, excluding title and reference pages
5. At least two (2) scholarly, primary sources from the last 5 years, excluding the textbook, are provided Includes 5 requirements for section. Includes 4 requirements for section. Includes 3 requirements for section. Includes 1-2 requirements for section. No requirements for this section presented.
Total Points Possible = 100 points

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Paper Topic Selection
Student's Name
University Affiliation
Professor's Name
Course Title
Due Date
Introduction
Diabetes is a chronic illness that results from the failure of the pancreas to produce adequate insulin or when the body does not react to the insulin produced. Excess body weight and physical inactivity reduce the body's ability to respond to insulin which eventually leads to the development of diabetes. When one eats food, it is broken down into glucose and released into the bloodstream. Elevated sugar levels trigger more insulin production from the pancreas so that excess blood sugar to be absorbed into the cells (Mauvais-Jarvis, 2018). When in the cells, glucose is used for energy. Diabetes comes in three major types. They include type one, gestational diabetes, and type two. Diabetes type one is usually a result of autoimmune responses that ail the body's ability to make and produce insulin (Mauvais-Jarvis, 2018). Type two diabetes is commonly due to the body's inability to utilize insulin well. Most people who have diabetes have type two diabetes.
Pregnant women who have no history of diabetes are mostly diagnosed with gestational diabetes. It usually resolves after childbirth and increases the mother’s risk of developing diabetes. Based on the national diabetes statistics report, 34.1 million adults (13%) in America had diabetes by 2018, and 7.3 million people (2.8%) were undiagnosed. Type 2 diabetes increased with age, with people aged more than 65 years making up 26.8% of people with diabetes (CDC, 2020). 1.5 new cases were reported in 2018. The prevalence of diabetes varied among people with different education levels. People who were more educated had less prevalence of diabetes than those with less education. 21.6% of people diagnosed with diabetes were tobacco users, 89% had excess weight, 38% did not exercise, 68.4% had elevated blood pressure, and 43.5% had elevated cholesterol levels.
Etiology and Risk Factors
Excess body fat and inadequate exercise are the common causes of type 2 diabetes. 89% of people with diabetes in 2018 were overweight (CDC, 2020). There are several risk factors for diabetes. They include family history, age, ethnicity, high cholesterol levels, and excess weight. Advancing age increases the chances of developing type 2 diabetes due to inadequate insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance due to body changes such as loss of muscle mass (Sinclair A. et al., 2020). Men are more susceptible to developing type 2 diabetes than women due to more significant amounts of visceral fat in men, which is metabolically active (Mauvais-Jarvis, 2018). Women have higher subcutaneous fat than visceral fat, which is not metabolically active.
Environmental factors that contribute to the development of diabetes include the unavailability of green spaces, which discourages physical activity. Increasing fast food outlets promote unhealthy eating, air pollution prevents exercise, and noise pollution disrupts sleep and mental wellness. Having family members with diabetes increases one's risk of becoming diabetic. Chromosome 19p13 has insulin receptor genes and glucose transporter genes that contribute to the condition (Barroso & McCarthy, 2019). Lifestyle causes o...
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