Typical and Atypical Behaviors, Characteristics, and Needs of Children until Age 4

Development Readiness
Name
Department, Institution Affiliation
Course Code; Course Name
Instructor's Name
Date
Developmental Readiness
Developmental Stage
Developmental Area Milestones
Birth to 12 months

13-24 months

25-36 months

37-48 months

Cognitive

Typical

Children can easily identify objects and follow directions.

Children can take part in block building and shape identification.

They enjoy specific games such as toy game.

They can take part in active drawing.



Atypical

 They hide from people.

They cannot use normal items such as cups.

Children are not interested in playing (Mangin et al., 2017).

 Scribbling is a major issue.



Atypical

Does not respond when called by names.

They cannot stack blocks.

 Have difficulty engaging toys.

 Does not know differences in specific objects.



Developmental Strategy: Typical

Help the child during the exploration process.

 Focus on memory games and counting.

Engage the child in coloring and drawing.

 There should be more focus on the child strengths to make them interested in specific activities.



Developmental Strategy: Atypical

Parent should allow the children explore using toys.

Help the child in block stacking and other activities such as coming the dolls.

Engaging the child in modeling using toys and also participate in the child’s pretend play.

Interrogate them using specific questions and allow them read and write.


Linguistic

Typical

 A child can use a simple gesture such as waving.

 A child can construct very short sentence.

 They converse using maximum of 3 sentences.

 A child consider basic grammar rules.



Atypical

 There is no single word coming from them such as ‘papa’

 Cannot combine 2-3 words.

 Does not construct sentences.

Sentence are not long and comprises grammatical issues.



Atypical

 A child finds it difficult to learn a gesture.

Does not follow simple instructions.

There is no clarity in the child’s speech.

 It is difficult to understand what the child mean.



Developmental Strategy: Typical

Use proper sentences to engage the child such ‘mum.’

Converse with the child frequently.

Continuous talks using simple sentences.

Making songs and stories to the child with different rhymes.



Developmental Strategy: Atypical

 Practice repetitive and inform the child the activities such as fetching water.

Continuous reading and asking the child questions. 

 Focus on the child interests such as book reading.

 Encourage the child in dialogue and continuous conversation (Ballantyne & Povah, 2017). 


Physical

Typical

 The child sits easily.

 The child walks alone.

 T...