Educational Philosophies

Education Philosophy
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Introduction
Understanding different educational philosophies is essential in early childhood education since they influence a teacher's practises, beliefs, and decision-making. Educators must research these beliefs since they influence the 2010 NAEYC Standards. The four primary educational philosophies examined in this project are perennialism, progressivism, essentialism, and reconstructionist. A summary of each philosophy's history, proponents, core beliefs, related philosophers, and period of growth is given for each. It also examines how each thought fits the child-centered approach and NAEYC criteria.
Perennialism
Popularized by people like Mortimer Adler and Robert Hutchins, perennialism is a school of thought that draws emphasis from classical education. Its core principles center on pursuing knowledge for its own sake, emphasizing the liberal arts, mathematics, and classic literature. While valuing classical knowledge, this viewpoint often encourages a set curriculum and a teacher-centered approach, which may not align with NAEYC standards or the child-centered approach.
Progressive Education
Promoted by John Dewey, progressive education emerged due to industrialization and urbanization and strongly emphasized hands-on learning, active engagement, and a student-centered approach. Focusing on practical experiences, problem-solving, and adapting instruction to each child's interests and needs smoothly complies with NAEYC criteria and the child-centered approach. This school of thought urges teachers to provide stimulating learning environments that promote inquiry and critical thinking.
Essentialism
With roots in conventional education, essentialism is focused on a core curriculum of essential information and abilities and is backed by academics like William C. Bagley and E.D. Hirsch. Essentialism may only partially embrace the child-centered approach, even if it may align with specific NAEYC criteria, notably those related to fundamental intellectual abilities. Individualized learning experiences are often prioritized in favor of standardized curricula and organized teaching techniques.
Reconstructionism
George S. Counts and Theodore Brameld were noteworthy reconstructionists who advocated the movement in reaction to social and political developments. This ideology emphasizes critical thinking, social action, and the study of social issues within the curriculum and sees education as an instrument for social change. Reconstructionism supports fairness and social justice in early childhood education, mirroring the organization's larger objectives, and does so in accordance with NAEYC standards.
Reflection
The selection of an educational philosophy to guide teaching practice is of utmost importance in the field of early childhood education. Progressivism stands out among the wide range of philosophical perspectives as a guiding light that harmonizes perfectly with the fundamental ideas of successful instruction in this area.
In early childhood education, progressivism's innate focus on a child-centered strategy is particularly pertinent. The child-cen...