Mid-term Paper. Critical Thinking. Critical theory: Old and New.

Critical Thinking
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Critical Thinking
Critical thinking is the analysis of facts to form a judgment. It involves being rational and able to see both sides of an issue, being able to provide evidence that disconfirms your ideas, developing appropriate reasoning, demanding that an idea be backed by evidence, and generating conclusions from available facts to solve a problem. For instance, in the context of a capitalist society, business leaders who need more productivity, economic flexibility, and highly skilled employees have continuously pushed schools to improve the critical thinking skills among students to produce a well-educated workforce. 
Critical thinking comprises of two interrelated stages; Stage one includes; being analytical, problem-solving, and balanced objectivity while stage two comprises ethical, social engagement, and political commitment. Analytical and ethical dimensions support the holistic insights expressed by the ancient philosophers that critical thinking contains a socio-political imperative. The social context comprises the connection between contemplation and action and the relationship between analytical and ethical thinking.
Critical theory: Old and New
Critical theory was closely associated with western Marxism developed by Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, Herbert Marcuse, Walter Benjamin among other prominent members of the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt, Germany. The theory is a constructive enterprise committed to progressive social activism. However, it has evolved with successive generations and multiplied to cover conventional class-based perspectives that include a more contemporary identity-centered articulation of social review that involves feminist theory, queer theory, psychoanalytic theory, poststructuralism thought, postcolonialism, critical legal studies, and critical race theory. Critical theorists raised a vital concern by analyzing the cause of current forms of domination, exploitation, and injustices in a social society IN what they believe to be a result of globalization. They advocated for several changes in thinking and participated in the democratic contestation of corporate-led-globalization in 1990s, which impacted the evaluation of critical theory through the emergence of powerful social movements advocating for people-led globalization. It also led to the emergence of a worldwide community of critical thinkers that use digital communication channels to make it easy for the voices and opinions of everyone to be heard globally.
Basics of Critical Global Studies and The Responsibilities of Intellectual
Global scholars used the term global studies and globalization interchangeably in pursuit of their trans-disciplinary globalization projects. Robinson William and Richard Appelbaum introduced Critical Globalization Studies (CGS) that was based on an understanding of critical thinking, linking the analytical operations of the mind to concrete ethical-political application. They emphasized that CGS should be broad enough to house a diversity of methods and epistemologies. In their study, asymmetrical power relations derived from the capital-labor relation represented central logic for the systema...