Stages of Each Type of Cell Reproduction Process

Cell Division
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Cell Division
Most human cells often undergo routine replication and replacement over a person’s lifetime. The process varies with the type of body cell. Body cells that form skin, hair, and muscle are reproduced through mitosis. Meiosis occurs in specific tissues of the male testes and female ovaries to create the sex cells sperm and ova.
Stages of Each Type of Cell Reproduction Process
The cell reproduction process comprises meiosis and mitosis. Meiosis is a type of cell division in which one cell divides twice to generate four daughter cells. This cell division produces male and female gametes: sperm and egg cells (Simon et al., 2016). Mitosis is a form of cell division in which one cell divides to produce two genetically identical new cells. It is the process of creating new cells in the body for growth, reproduction, repair, and the general substitute of older cells. In a normal patient, the body cells can repair themselves through mitosis. Biologists consider it the most type of cell replication in a healthy patient whose body cells can self-repair since somatic cells dominate human cells.
The stages of mitosis include prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (Grigaitis et al., 2020). Prophase is the first stage of mitosis, characterized by the condensation of chromosomes. This phase also sets the stage for the mitotic spindle formation following the centrosomes' shift to the opposite poles, resulting in the polymerization of microtubules from duplicated centrosomes (Ong & Torres, 2020).
The second stage, pre-metaphase, begins with the abrupt disintegration of the nuclear envelope into many tiny vesicles that will later be divided between the future daughter cells (Simon et al., 2016). The mitotic spindle starts capturing and organizing the chromosomes, which become even more condensed. The mitotic spindle growth increases, allowing some microtubules to capture chromosomes (Grigaitis et al., 2020). As microtubules grow out of the centrosomes, they rapidly assemble, disassemble, and eventually attach at chromosome kinetochores (Simon et al., 2016). As this stage progresses, microtubules from both spindle poles pull and tug chromosomes in opposite directions until the pole-directed forces are balanced.
In the metaphase stage, the mitotic spindle fully forms, captures all the chromosomes, and aligns them at the equatorial plate, ready to divide. Each chromosome's kinetochores are also attached to microtubules from opposite spindle poles (Simon et al., 2016). A complex checkpoint mechanism known as the ‘spindle check’ ensures the spindle is correctly assembled, and only cells with properly assembled spindles proceed to the next stage.
The next stage is anaphase. In this stage, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles. Microtubules not attached to chromosomes extend and push apart, dividing the poles and elongating the cell (Markov & Kaznacheev, 2016). Motor proteins enable and drive these processes. They carry chromosomes or other microtubules as they walk.
The final stage of mitosis is telophase. This is the stage where the chromosomes r...