DSM-5, Neuropsychology, Neurobiology, and Psychopharmacology, and Integrated Psychodynamic

Reflection on Each Day’s Class
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Reflection on Each Day’s Class
Each day’s class focused on different lessons and concepts, including the disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the fifth edition (DSM-5), neuropsychology, neurobiology, and psychopharmacology concepts, and the disorders' intervention and treatment. This paper reflects on the lessons on days four, five, six, and seven.
Day 4
The class discussed the DSM-5 manual and the changes in varying neurodevelopmental disorders. The manual changed the previous five clusters of multi-axial systems and combined them into three sets. It also removed separate groups of disorders observed in infancy, childhood, and adolescence, such as communication disorders, autistic spectrum disorders, and specific learning disorders. The neurodevelopmental disorders in the DSM-5 manual have several subtypes. For instance, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders have subtypes like schizoaffective and delusional disorders. The manual arranges the subtypes of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders based on their severity, where schizotypal personality disorder is the most severe and catatonia disorder is among the least severe subtype.
Furthermore, bipolar and related depressive disorders have common symptoms, including anxiety and mood psychotic features. The manual further highlights that depressive disorders have new disorders like Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Contrarily, DSM-5 removed some anxiety disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Additionally, DSM-5 changed dissociative disorders like depersonalization and dissociative amnesia and associated them with trauma disorders. It also reintegrated and reworked somatic symptoms and related conditions. For instance, DSM-5 revised hypochondriasis in illness anxiety disorder. Moreover, it reclassified and edited eating and feeding disorders like rumination, anorexia, and pica to offer more explicit guidance. It also removed elimination disorders from childhood disorders and categorized them individually. The manual also discusses sleep-wake disorders like insomnia and removes sexual dysfunction and gender dysphoria from sexual and gender identity disorders. Other diseases in DSM-5 include substance and non-substance-related disorders, personality, paraphilic, and neurocognitive disorders. The manual also highlights conditions for further study, like caffeine use disorder and non-suicidal self-injury.
Day 5
This day’s class focused on neurobiology, neuropsychology, and psychopharmacology. The central nervous system (CNS) has the spinal cord and brain parts. The brain has extensive development at varying ages and has different components, such as the brain stem, hemispheres, lobes, neurons, dendrites, and cerebellum. The female and male brains are significantly different in specific aspects such as attention span, ability to hear a crying child during the night, listening capacities, and types of addiction. The CNS synapse allows neurons to transmit signals from the external stimuli. The class also brought to light the somatic and ...