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Social Sciences
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Topic:

What Foucault, Beauvoir, Baldwin, King, and Bell Mean

Coursework Instructions:

Directions: keep in mind the short question section doesn’t need to be cited. Just use your own words. The recommended 4 citations is for the two essay questions you pick (two citations per question)
Attached are the readings from the class that will help you answer these questions and you can also use them for citing. Some of the questions have the page number at the end of the question where you can find the answers.
If you have any further questions. Please ask. Thank you!
“ MIDTERM EXAM
WELCOME to the midterm exam! Write your exam offline, and then upload it to the assignment page on Canvas. Do your best to write answers that are thoughtful, concise, and formulated with care. Your answers will be graded on the extent to which you:
1) demonstrate comprehension of the concepts and issues addressed in the question;
2) provide evidence for your claims by making detailed reference to the assigned texts, ideally with a few short quotes.
For quotes and paraphrasing, cite specific page numbers (no bibliographic information needed). I strongly recommend that you do not use outside sources (especially websites), but if you do, you must cite them, or you are plagiarizing.
Please proofread your answers carefully. I recommend that you read your answers out loud to help you formulate clear sentences and catch writing mistakes. If you answer more than the required number of questions, I will only grade your first answers.
Short-answer questions. Choose five (5) questions. Write about 100 words per question. Each question is worth 8 points.
1. Weber distinguishes between an “ethic of ultimate ends” and an “ethic of responsibility.” What does he mean by each? What are the potential costs of each?
2. What does Arendt mean by “immortality”? How does it differ from “eternity”? How do they each relate to politics?
3. Foucault writes, “The disciplines function increasingly as techniques for making useful individuals.” What does he mean?
4. Beauvoir writes, “The Other is posed as such by the One in defining himself as the One” (p. 17). What does she mean?
5. Baldwin says that “there is a great deal of will power involved in the white man’s naïveté” (p. 122). What does he mean?
6. What does King mean by “the myth concerning time”? (p. 136)
7. bell hooks distinguishes between “white supremacy” and “racism.” Explain her distinction and why it’s significant.
Essay questions. Choose two (2) questions. Write no more than 450 words per question, and post your word count at the end of each of your answers. Each question is worth 30 points.
1. Compare and contrast Weber, Arendt, and Foucault on the concepts of power and politics. Discuss two sub-questions: 1) How do they each define power? 2) What forms of politics are they each most interested in studying and why?
2. What do Simone de Beauvoir and the Combahee River Collective (CRC) each say about the relationship between race and gender? Discuss three sub-questions: 1) How does Beauvoir compare and contrast the situation of women and African Americans? 2) What does the CRC say about the white women’s movement and about male-led Black liberation movements? 3) What do you think Beauvoir and the CRC would say to each other?
3. Choose two of the following and compare and contrast their views on the situation of Black people in the United States: Combahee River Collective (CRC), Martin Luther King, Jr., James Baldwin, bell hooks. Discuss two sub-questions: 1) What do they each see as the primary challenges for Black people? 2) What personal and political responses to racism and white supremacy do they each recommend?
4. Choose two of the following and compare and contrast what they say about white liberals: Combahee River Collective (CRC), Martin Luther King, Jr., James Baldwin, bell hooks. Discuss two sub-questions: 1) What specific criticisms of white liberals do they each make? 2) How do they each think white liberals should contribute to struggles for social justice?

Coursework Sample Content Preview:
POLS 112 MIDTERM EXAM
Short-Answer Questions (Choose 5)
3. Foucault writes, “The disciplines function increasingly as techniques for making useful individuals.” What does he mean?
This means that each and all branches of knowledge that serve as instrumental for individuals to exercise power through practical implications. In a way, disciplines serve as enforcers of compliance, and it essentially makes or molds people into individuals that are useful in terms of functioning as intended by the governing bodies, as cogs that comply to push agendas and goals to the desired directions.
4. Beauvoir writes, “The Other is posed as such by the One in defining himself as the One” (p. 17). What does she mean?
de Beauvoir defines “her” or “she” as the Other to illustrate how big the disparities there are between how men and women are treated in societies and amongst themselves. In this case, “the One” is pertaining to the man, an entity who is frequently seen as superior by society and largely by men themselves, while the definition of the Other becomes whatever the One is not, and in a society where the One is superior and his attributes grand, the Other is left to be the inferior and the superfluous.
5. Baldwin says that “there is a great deal of will power involved in the white man’s naïveté” (p. 122). What does he mean?
He means that the white man’s points of views are often propelled not by objective truth but by sheer will or individual belief. I believe it is Baldwin’s intention to communicate that relative to how they treated other people (specifically, African-Americans based on Baldwin’s work), the white man remains oblivious of the pain they cause because of their actions, whether or not they are intentional.
6. What does King mean by “the myth concerning time”? (p. 136)
In the text, the “myth of time” King refers to means the unjustified and often fictional views on how people always have a lot of time for change, and that according to what Christians believe, that things will happen “as it is written.” Simply, the “myth concerning time” is a criticism to the pace people assert for freedom—the time is now and not later because in his logic, King emphasizes that there is no “future” that contains a resolution to the current issues if the people of today do not act now.
7. bell hooks distinguishes between “white supremacy” and “racism.” Explain her distinction and why it’s significant.
Bell hooks’ distinction on “white supremacy” and “racism” is significant because it defines the line between racist beliefs and actions. Essentially, in a way, bell hooks considers “white supremacy” as the most “useful” term because it shifts the understanding of what the implications of the actions against people of color is—in that white supremacy not only points to actions by whites but also to other people who are considered as the minority but help in furthering the goal of promoting and asserting the superiority of whites, whereas racism is often viewed as actions...
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