Improving Information Governance: Case Study Report
REVISION ONLY NEEDED
REVIISON INSTRUCTIONS:
1、Introduction
Good focused introduction. Key concepts, plus key distinctions/aspects of these concepts are highlighted and precisely described.
However, in the main, these do not draw on the module material.
2、Step 1
The initial conception of what a wicked problem consists in is incorrect. Wicked problems are not to do principally with a lack of knowledge of the problem (or indeed, some kind of, informational asymmetry). Although this may be part of it, they are principally to do with arriving at a consensus between different legitimate perspectives.
The subsequent theoretical material on degrees of wickedness is then largely correct, but this is not grounded in the specifics of the Care.data case, e.g. the stakeholders, their images of the problem and perspectives.
3、Step 2
There is no description of the system features i.e. diversity, complexity, dynamics, and scale.
2a. Some relevant material but does not apply system concepts
to the SG.
2b.Some relevant, but incomplete, material but does not apply system concepts to the GS.
2c. Relevant material incorporated but this does not draw on system features.
4、Conclusion
Pertinent theoretical and methodologically-driven suggestions are given, but these are not grounded in the Care.data case.
5、Presentation
Presentation instructions not responded to.
Submission contains some relevant material but in the main its content does not adequately respond to the coursework instructions (both content and presentation), and the curriculum, and materials (theoretical, methodological, and evidence-based from the Care.data case), as taught in 2019-20. Open Edit YES
ORIGINAL INSTRUCTIONS
1. Coursework Title: Improving Information Governance: Case Study Report (2000
words)
2. Case Scenario: Information Commissioner
You are an Information Commissioner commissioned with the task of writing a report
assessing the capacity of either the Health or the Data Brokering Sector to govern its
handling of personal data. In preparing the report you have been informed that you
must draw on the concepts of the INF6025 2019-20 module, the Framework for
Assessing Governability, and apply the Framework and its assessment steps to either
one of the two cases taught on the INF6025 2019-20 module, i.e. Care.data or
Cambridge Analytica. Via an explanation of the concepts, step-by-step methodology,
and drawing directly on evidence from the case you will be expected to demonstrate a
systematic approach to understanding the factors that influenced the governance of
personal data within the case. You will also be expected to give suggestions for how
the governance and governability of personal data can be improved. It has already
been decided that the report will contain these sections (See Section 3) and will
presented in a certain format (see Section 4).
3. Content of the Case Study Report
a) Background and introduction (250 words)
What is governance? What information problems does governance seek to address?
Provide practical examples of what these information problems are.
b) Either Case Study A: Care.data or Case Study B: Cambridge Analytica
Step 1: Identifying Problem Wickedness (750 words)
What are the information problems? Where are the information problem(s) located?
In which part of the information chain are the information problems located? Who are
the stakeholders? What images (e.g. values, norms, principles) guide stakeholders
views of the information problems? How ‘wicked’ are the information problems (e.g.
are there any stopping rules? How embedded is the information problem? What are
the costs and reversibility of any prescribed solution?).
Step 2: Examining System Properties (750 words)
Identify and describe each of the systems relevant to resolving the wicked information
problem, i.e. the System-to-be-Governed (SG), the Governing System (GS), and
Governing Interactions (GI).
2a: Examining System Properties associated with the System-to-be-Governed (250
words). How prevalent are the properties of diversity (i.e. how many components are
there? E.g. What types of patient data? Who are the stakeholders? How similar or
different are they from each other? How many of them are there?); complexity (i.e,
how many relationships between the components are there?); dynamics (i.e. what are
the interactions between components? How do components influence each other?);
and scale (i.e. how do boundaries define and limit the number of components, along
with the relations and interactions between them) in the system-to-be-governed? How
INF6025 Information, Governance and Ethics 2019-20
Revised Guidelines for Improving Information Governance
Case Study Report
2
do these properties affect governability of personal data? N.B. Generally speaking,
the greater the number of entities, relationships, interactions within the system-to-begoverned, and the larger its scale, the lower the governability.
2b: Examining System Properties associated with the Governing System (250 words).
How prevalent are the properties of diversity (i.e. how many components are there?
E.g. What types of governing entity (e.g. state, market, civil society)? What rules,
norms, and principles are they guided by? What responsibilities do they have? How
similar or different are they from each other? How many of them are there?);
complexity (i.e. how many relationships between the governing entities are there?);
dynamics (i.e. what are the interactions between governing entities? How do
governing entities influence each other?); and scale (i.e. how do boundaries define
and limit the number of governing entities, along with the relations and interactions
between them) in the governing system? How do these properties affect governability
of personal data? N.B. Generally speaking, the greater the number of governing
entities, relationships, interactions within the governing system, and the larger the
scale at which it operates, the lower the governability.
2b: Examining System Properties associated with Governing Interactions (250
words). How prevalent are the properties of diversity e.g. What forms of governing
interaction are there (e.g. formal, informal)? What are their purposes (e.g. compliance,
information sharing), how many interactions are there?); complexity (i.e. between
which governing entities do interactions exist? What is the quality of these
interactions?); dynamics (i.e. what are the power relations between governing
entities?); and scale (i.e. at what scale do governing interactions take place) of the
governing interactions? How do these properties affect governability of personal
data? N.B. Generally speaking, the greater the number and quality of governing
interactions, the higher the governability.
c) Conclusion (250 words)
Provide a concluding assessment of the governability of the information problems
identified within the case. Give suggestions for how governance of personal data
and its governability can be improved.
1. Coursework Title: Improving Information Governance: Case Study Report (2000
words)
2. Case Scenario: Information Commissioner
You are an Information Commissioner commissioned with the task of writing a report
assessing the capacity of either the Health or the Data Brokering Sector to govern its
handling of personal data. In preparing the report you have been informed that you
must draw on the concepts of the INF6025 2019-20 module, the Framework for
Assessing Governability, and apply the Framework and its assessment steps to either
one of the two cases taught on the INF6025 2019-20 module, i.e. Care.data or
Cambridge Analytica. Via an explanation of the concepts, step-by-step methodology,
and drawing directly on evidence from the case you will be expected to demonstrate a
systematic approach to understanding the factors that influenced the governance of
personal data within the case. You will also be expected to give suggestions for how
the governance and governability of personal data can be improved. It has already
been decided that the report will contain these sections (See Section 3) and will
presented in a certain format (see Section 4).
3. Content of the Case Study Report
a) Background and introduction (250 words)
What is governance? What information problems does governance seek to address?
Provide practical examples of what these information problems are.
b) Either Case Study A: Care.data or Case Study B: Cambridge Analytica
Step 1: Identifying Problem Wickedness (750 words)
What are the information problems? Where are the information problem(s) located?
In which part of the information chain are the information problems located? Who are
the stakeholders? What images (e.g. values, norms, principles) guide stakeholders
views of the information problems? How ‘wicked’ are the information problems (e.g.
are there any stopping rules? How embedded is the information problem? What are
the costs and reversibility of any prescribed solution?).
Step 2: Examining System Properties (750 words)
Identify and describe each of the systems relevant to resolving the wicked information
problem, i.e. the System-to-be-Governed (SG), the Governing System (GS), and
Governing Interactions (GI).
2a: Examining System Properties associated with the System-to-be-Governed (250
words). How prevalent are the properties of diversity (i.e. how many components are
there? E.g. What types of patient data? Who are the stakeholders? How similar or
different are they from each other? How many of them are there?); complexity (i.e,
how many relationships between the components are there?); dynamics (i.e. what are
the interactions between components? How do components influence each other?);
and scale (i.e. how do boundaries define and limit the number of components, along
with the relations and interactions between them) in the system-to-be-governed? How
INF6025 Information, Governance and Ethics 2019-20
Revised Guidelines for Improving Information Governance
Case Study Report
2
do these properties affect governability of personal data? N.B. Generally speaking,
the greater the number of entities, relationships, interactions within the system-to-begoverned, and the larger its scale, the lower the governability.
2b: Examining System Properties associated with the Governing System (250 words).
How prevalent are the properties of diversity (i.e. how many components are there?
E.g. What types of governing entity (e.g. state, market, civil society)? What rules,
norms, and principles are they guided by? What responsibilities do they have? How
similar or different are they from each other? How many of them are there?);
complexity (i.e. how many relationships between the governing entities are there?);
dynamics (i.e. what are the interactions between governing entities? How do
governing entities influence each other?); and scale (i.e. how do boundaries define
and limit the number of governing entities, along with the relations and interactions
between them) in the governing system? How do these properties affect governability
of personal data? N.B. Generally speaking, the greater the number of governing
entities, relationships, interactions within the governing system, and the larger the
scale at which it operates, the lower the governability.
2b: Examining System Properties associated with Governing Interactions (250
words). How prevalent are the properties of diversity e.g. What forms of governing
interaction are there (e.g. formal, informal)? What are their purposes (e.g. compliance,
information sharing), how many interactions are there?); complexity (i.e. between
which governing entities do interactions exist? What is the quality of these
interactions?); dynamics (i.e. what are the power relations between governing
entities?); and scale (i.e. at what scale do governing interactions take place) of the
governing interactions? How do these properties affect governability of personal
data? N.B. Generally speaking, the greater the number and quality of governing
interactions, the higher the governability.
c) Conclusion (250 words)
Provide a concluding assessment of the governability of the information problems
identified within the case. Give suggestions for how governance of personal data
and its governability can be improved.
4. Format of the Case Study Report
You must present the report in the format indicated.
Examples of the format for the report are available at:
https://www(dot)jisc(dot)ac(dot)uk/publications/browsetypes/briefing.aspx
Improving Information Governance: Case Study Report
Name:
Institution
INF6025 Information Governance and Ethics
Instructor:
Date:
* Background and introduction
Governance
Governance is a framework of guidelines, standards and accountability measures to help an organization to meet its objectives. Information governance relates to the policies, standards, quality and privacy guidelines necessary to ensure the usability and integrity of the data and information (Kooiman, 2008). Effective governance helps to ensure the information is consistent, credible, high quality and trustworthy where people, process and technology influence information governance. Information is a valuable resource that meets the information needs of an organization and there is increasing confidence in decision-making when there is improved data quality and security.
Governance addresses problems such as information management, data storage, and security and privacy information management governs how decision makers use relevant information and create value for the organizations as there is use and management of the information. Information governance is important to implement information security and privacy where there is focus on protecting data and dealing with privacy breaches. Standards for data quality management are important to ensure the security and privacy of the data and information. Improving the quality of data used in reporting, and facilitating accountability helps to the security and confidentiality of data. Data-related decisions are made, the responsibilities of those who make decisions and accountability, and the decision outcomes may be influenced by the information governance since there are guidelines and standards for data quality management that applied is in organizations.
Case Study A: Care.data
Identifying Problem Wickedness
The information problems
Among the information problems are information management, data storage, and security and privacy, which affect the ability of an organization to use the data and information effectively. Information management is the set of processes that are focused on the generation, coordination, storage, preservation, search and recovery of information. It is one of the information problems likely to be encountered. It is important to optimize the usefulness and contribution of information resources in order to achieve the objectives of the organization. There is also a need to guarantee that the information is available to people in the organization at the required time
Data storage is secure when there is security and privacy as well as ease in access, speed simplicity, speed, cost-effectiveness and productivity. Information storage should be secure where the network is safe and there is integration of regulations on the protection of clinical data (Saranto et al., 2018). The storage of clinical data is prioritized so that an organization is interconnected at all times with patients and medical professionals without worrying about information loss. The use of clouds is one way that data and information is stored to prevent data loss from data breaches, server failure, viruses and software issues.
Data security is a top priority in information management as there are risks of data breaches and different vulnerabilities. Confidentiality is an issue that health professionals must handle with great care and responsibility. Confidentiality and patient privacy are right and obligations of the health practitioners. It is necessary to clarify that patient privacy responds to their right to determine how, when and where it is necessary for the third parties to access the information, unless they are professionals or providers that require it for treatment. Techniques such as highly complex passwords, encryption and security certificates help to guarantee the protection of information
Information chain, stakeholders and images
The acquisition, process and distribution of data and information depends on the information chain. Information management mainly affects the access, storage and distribution of data and management. Information affects those who compile the data, those reconciling the information, presenters and consumers. Health practitioners and consumers are consumers as patient data is turned into useful information and the information is presented in an easy to understand format. Information workers including the information system designers and users are concerned with accessibility and ease of use
Data storage affects, storing and sharing the information and if there is no proper storage this affects accessibility, data security and privacy. All the health practitioners who rely on patient information are affected when there is no proper storage of the information (Saranto et al., 2018). Data storage mainly affects the curators of the information who manipulate the data, presenters who rely on the information and consumers of the data and information. The stakeholders are guided by maintaining security and integrity of the information so that decision makers rely on accurate data and information.
Security and privacy affects the process of receiving information, processing information and the dissemination of information. In data care, confidentiality concerns the doctor and also clinics, hospitals, doctor's offices and medical directories, spaces in which the information that is currently handled electronically and that often facilitates clinical decision-making. Data protection officer in private organizations and healthcare play an important role in protecting personal data and information. The stakeholders are guided by the need to protect patient data and information through maintaining confidentiality. Access to information is restricted to authorized personnel. In the digital age, protecting electronic information is increasingly a challenge and health practitioners need to know how to use digital tools appropriately to protect patient information and prevent others from obtaining confidential patient information
‘Wicked’ information problems
The wicked problems are linked to patient data and personalized health as there are conflicting values among the stakeholders even as there is agreement that the security and privacy of patient data is a top priority. Security and data piracy are embedded despite efforts to improve the data and information security and ensuring the accessibility of the data and information (Saranto et al., 2018). Data gather...
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