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Style:
APA
Subject:
Psychology
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Coursework
Language:
English (U.S.)
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Topic:

Cross Cultural Psychology. Critical thinking and contemporary applications.

Coursework Instructions:

Shiraev, E. & Levy, D. (2017). Cross-cultural psychology: Critical thinking and contemporary applications. (6th ed. ). New York, NY Routledge, Inc. ISBN 978-1138668386
1 page per question
1. Studies show that people in countries such as Japan and Korea tend to evaluate themselves critically in surveys; they tend to consider self as not necessarily hard-working. Explain the reasons for such cultural response bias.

2. Native Americans and Alaska Natives report a higher prevalence of pain symptoms and painful conditions when compared with the general population of the United States. What is your understanding of these findings?

3. It is assumed that multicultural experiences foster the creative expansion of ideas. Consider expatriate artists and writers whose brilliant insights emerged when they left their homeland settled in a foreign country. Do you think that creativity can be sparked when a person is exposed to a foreign culture?

4. A study of samples in 32 countries showed that individualism was positively correlated with higher expressivity of emotions, especially happiness and surprise. Individualism was negatively correlated with expression of sadness. What is your understanding of these research findings?

5. For years homosexuality was considered a mental illness in the United States. Is it still perceived as an illness today? Do you agree or disagree?

6. Research shows that in Buddhist and Western societies may encourage two somewhat different types of motivation, namely “maximizing” and “satisfying.” Explain both briefly.
7. What cross-cultural limitations to you see in Erikson's, Piaget's and Kohlberg's theories?

8. Explain why people in non-Western cultures tend to “somatize” their distress, whereas people Western cultures have the tendency to “psychologize” it.

9. Explain and give examples of microaggressions

10. Compare and give examples of conformity in collectivist and individualist cultures.

11. Research shows, with some exceptions, that individuals from Western countries are more likely to display a strong internal locus of control than individuals from non-Western countries. Explain these findings.

12. What is the highest form of religious bonding? Describe it.

Coursework Sample Content Preview:

Cross cultural Psychology
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Cross-cultural Psychology
1 According to the perception of psychologists, people from different cultural groups tend to pay attention first to their own cultures while describing their own beliefs as well as values. For instance, culture with predominantly collectivist values may not necessarily rate collectivism high since it forms part of their daily lives. This applies similarly to other psychological scenarios on self-evaluation. In the case of Japanese and Koreans, the facts, as well as observations, prove otherwise, contrary to their self-evaluation as not necessarily hardworking. Japan and Korea are basically highly productive as well as economically successful based on the world economic data. This is sure proof that the natives could be possibly very hard working as perceived by the outsiders. The reason as to why people from such nations give themselves low evaluations could be explained from the perspective of hard work as well as conscientiousness which are estimated with respect to larger cultural norms. In the event that everyone is expected to be hardworking, timely as well as reliable, the scenario created may make many people value themselves short of the perfectionist standards set by the cultural norms. Therefore, such a perspective makes some surveys report on their low determination as well as disorganization contrary to the expected societal standards, providing a cultural response bias. The majority of the elements of human behavior alongside experiences seem universal for both social as well as cultural groups. Despite all these, some psychological phenomena appear unique for particular social and cultural scenarios. Therefore, it is important that psychological understanding is defined and understood by the use of culturally meaningful terms with careful interpretations of findings (Shiraev & Levy, 2017).
2 Evidence on ethnic differences on pain and pain management indicates substantial ethnic disparities as pertains to treatment, prevalence as well as results of the pain-related conditions. The socio-cultural patient-related factors relate to these differences. These encompass factors such as differences in family traditions, religious beliefs, life experiences as well as patient preferences that influence disparities in pain. This is also attributable to neurobiological processes, neurophysiological factors, and structural elements within the healthcare system that could possibly contribute towards shaping individual responses to pain. For instance, traditions may appear to be one of the contributing factors, the African-American exhibit stronger relations between emotions as well as pain behaviors as compared to non-Hispanic Whites, therefore, also reports increased levels of depression linked to chronic pain conditions. At the same time, the socio-economic situation plays a crucial role since it also influences participation in health-promoting activities and behaviors. In most cases, the cultural worldview alongside spirituality and family historical experiences influences the level of pain expression from an individual. The difference in understanding of the various coping mechanisms on response to pain present such a challenge and...
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