Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change

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Hello everyone. My name is XXX, and today I will present the theoretical framework PowerPoint. So as the introduction, this presentation is going to cover the transtheoretical model of behavior change, which is a theoretical nursing model that focuses on the different stages of change. We will also discuss the nurse practitioner specialty, psychiatric, mental health nurse practitioners, and their scope of practice. We will also cover how the transtheoretical model V region it relates to the function of the nurse practitioner. And we will discuss the nursing issue of increase rates of addiction and discuss are the transtheoretical model of behavior change can be utilized for this nursing issue. The transtheoretical model of behavior change was developed by Prussia and DiClemente in the late 1970s. These two researchers that conducted a study regarding smoking cessation. The study was examining the experiences of smokers to quit on their own with those requiring further treatment. To understand why some people were capable of quitting on their own. They concluded that people who quit smoking were simply ready to do so. Therefore, the transtheoretical model of behavior change was created on the basis. Change is based on the decision-making of the individual and is a model of intentional change. The transtheoretical model of behavior change operates on the assumption that people did not change their behavior quickly and decisively, but instead, change in habitual behaviors occurs continuously to recycle. The transtheoretical model of behavior change suggests that individual goes through six stages of change. Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. For each stage, there are different interventions to help the individual move on to the next stage. So e.g. the pre-contemplation stage and this stage, people are not aware that there's a need for change. People did not intend to take any action to make change in the near future and do not see any positives to changing their behaviors. The contemplation stage and this stage, individuals are aware that there's a need for change and anticipate changing in the near future. They are aware of their behavior is problematic and recognize the cons of their behaviors. The preparation stage, also known as the termination stage. In this stage, people are ready to take action to make the change. They are preparing small steps to begin to change process action. In this stage, people have began changing their behaviors and intend to keep going on with their behaviour change. This can be exhibited through modifying bad behaviors or add new healthy behaviors. The maintenance stage. In this stage, people have maintained their health behavior change for some time now and attend to keep this behavior change. In this stage, people worked to prevent relapse. And finally, the termination stage. In this stage, people have no desire to return to their previous behavior and there's no chance of relapse. This stage is really reached and often not considered and health promotion programs. So just a summary, nurse practitioners are a type of advanced practice nurses that have the autonomy to diagnose and prescribe treatment to individuals with various illnesses. Specifically psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners, specialized insight, psychiatry that work with individuals suffering with mental health disorders, ranging from schizophrenia all the way to substance use disorders. There are different settings to psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners can work in, which include emergency rooms, psychiatric hospitals, health clinics, private offices, and D taxes. Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners use a combination of pharmacological interventions, as well as different types of non-pharmacological interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness based therapy. There are also a part of a treatment team and collaborate with additional team members and providers. So the issue we will be discussing today is the increased rate of addiction. Substance use disorder is a growing phenomenon in the United States. And some disturbing facts are that drug overdose rates increased 2020-2021 in all age groups, 25 and over, and a total of 106,699 people died of drug overdoses in a 12 month period. Also the age-adjusted rate of alcohol, and these tests increased by 26 per cent 2019-2020. Data from one data shows that 40-60% of those suffering with substance use, there will inevitably relapse after treatment, which is very sad. Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners often deal with patients with substance use disorders. And although there's evidence-based practice and detox protocols to be able to detect pressure safely or various substances. The rates of addiction keeps growing. There's a clear need for a better system to promote behavior change and behavior maintaining sobriety. So addressing the issue, as we discussed, there is an increase in substance use disorder in the country that reads related to overdose and alcohol misuse is higher than the year before. And those who seek treatment and have higher rates of relapse. The transtheoretical model of behavior change can be utilized by psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners with patients diagnosed with substance use disorder. These practitioners are at the frontlines of dealing with the issue of increased addiction. 70% of patients that presented to primary care presented with behavioral health or substance use disorder, which demonstrates the severity of the issue. Evidence-based practice is essential and health care and utilizing theories backed up by evidence is a useful tool for nurse practitioners, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners and the interdisciplinary team can utilize the theory of transtheoretical model of behavior change to treat and improve the outcomes of substance use disorder patients and decrease the rate of addiction in the country. This model can be implemented by a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners by recognizing what stage of change the patient is currently in. And based on that, derive a plane. So as explained by the theoretical model of behavior change, each state has individual interventions to help move onto the next stage. If a patient is in the pre-contemplation stage, some appropriate interventions would be tailored around the clean needle program and Narcan training since the patient is not ready to change. If the patient is in the contemplation stage, you can refer them to a detox and have intervention with the family and friends. The preparation phase can include offering resources that can help them with detox from the substance safely and comfortably. The action stage can involve administering medication for safety tax and craving, as well as psychotherapy for mental health. The maintenance stage can involve monthly withdrawal injections for cravings, as well as attending outpatient programs are AA or NA meetings to continue their sobriety. Addiction is explained as a life-long illness that has treatment. So I believe that the termination stage can be a very controversial topic in this context. One study found that understanding where individuals are in the transtheoretical model of behavior change can help cessation providers with utilizing motivational interviewing and other techniques to understand and advances cessation efforts of the client. And just to summarise, addiction is a growing concern in the United States. Death rates related to substitutes are climbing and most people who seek treatment end up relapsing. Nurse practitioners, specifically psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners are specialized in psychiatry and work with patients struggling with a variety of mental illnesses. The transtheoretical model of behavior change was created on the concept that there are six stages of change in individuals. And nurse practitioners can utilize model as evidence-based practice to help people struggling with substance use and maintain sobriety. Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners are at the frontlines of addiction crisis and can utilize the transtheoretical model of behavior change to decrease the amount of addiction. And here's the reference slide. Thank you very much.