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2 pages/≈550 words
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5 Sources
Style:
APA
Subject:
Health, Medicine, Nursing
Type:
Coursework
Language:
English (U.S.)
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MS Word
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Topic:

Psychopharmacology And decision Tree. Foundational Neuroscience

Coursework Instructions:

Post a response to each of the following:
1. Explain the agonist-to-antagonist spectrum of action of psychopharmacologic agents.
2. Compare and contrast the actions of g couple proteins and ion gated channels.
3. Explain the role of epigenetics in pharmacologic action.
4. Explain how this information may impact the way you prescribe medications to clients. Include a specific example of a situation or case with a client in which the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner must be aware of the medication’s action.
Making Connections
Now that you have:
• Explored foundational neuroscience
• Examined how medications impact the central nervous system
INSTRUCTION
“I want you to answer the questions given to you (decision points one, two, and three) before you click on the option. The answers will be based on your decisions made and patient outcomes during the decision tree. I am looking for an essay that is long enough to cover the topic BUT short enough to keep my interest. Remember this is a Pharmacology class that incorporates Pharmacotherapy and not a class on diagnosing disease. I want you to tell me why you selected an option (why is it the best option- using clinically relevant and patient specific data) and why you did not choose the other options (with clinically relevant and patient specific data). Remember, pharmacology and pharmacotherapy are what is important on these decision trees and the diagnostic criteria, psych testing, and psychotherapy are not my focus. The rubric, as I interpret it, suggests 5 references cited with every assignment for full credit on this portion (20 points). I deduct points per reference missing. Credible reference material only will be accepted. Sites such as WebMD, epocrates, drugs.com (among others) will not be counted. “

Caution:
Your paper should reflect your first completion of the decision tree only. You may “run through” the decision tree more than once as an exercise in understanding what different treatment outcomes may result
Learning Objectives
Students will:
• Analyze the agonist-to-antagonist spectrum of action of psychopharmacologic agents
• Compare the actions of g couple proteins to ion gated channels
• Analyze the role of epigenetics in pharmacologic action
• Analyze the impact of foundational neuroscience on the prescription of medications
Learning Resources
Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.
Required Readings
Note: All Stahl resources can be accessed through the Walden Library using this link. This link will take you to a log-in page for the Walden Library. Once you log into the library, the Stahl website will appear.
Stahl, S. M. (2013). Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical applications (4th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press *Preface, pp. ix–x

Note: To access the following chapters, click on the Essential Psychopharmacology, 4th ed tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate chapter. Be sure to read all sections on the left navigation bar for each chapter.
• Chapter 1, “Chemical Neurotransmission”
• Chapter 2, “Transporters, Receptors, and Enzymes as Targets of Psychopharmacologic Drug Action”
• Chapter 3, “Ion Channels as Targets of Psychopharmacologic Drug Action”
Rubric Detail

Attached document

Coursework Sample Content Preview:

Foundational Neuroscience
Student’s Name
Institution
Foundational Neuroscience
A strong background in foundational neuroscience is essential for a psychiatric health nurse practitioner. A good understanding of pathophysiology, psychiatric disorders and the impact of medications for these disorders to the central nervous system enables practitioners on diagnosing and treating clients. This paper introduces some concepts of foundational neuroscience.
Agonists are naturally occurring neurotransmitters which stimulate receptors. However, the range of option for the drug is broader than just the stimulation of receptors; a whole spectrum of possibilities referred to as the agonist spectrum (Presti, 2015). Drugs that stimulate receptors similar to natural neurotransmitters are called agonists. Antagonists block the action of natural neurotransmitters, but they act in the presence of agonists. They cannot act on their own in the absence of agonists. Inverse agonists do the opposite of agonists. For example, agonists open the ion channel, antagonists blocks agonists from opening the channel, but the inverse agonist binds the neurotransmitter receptor causing the receptor to close the channel (an action opposite to that of agonists) (Squire et al., 2012). Partial agonists stimulate the receptors in the same way as natural neurotransmitters often called full agonists, but are weaker in their stimulation. As such, there exists a spectrum of drugs acting at a receptor from full agonists to the antagonist to inverse agonists.
There are similarities and differences between the actions of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion gated channels. Both are embedded in cell membranes. GPCRS are made up of a continuous chain with lipophilic segments that pack together inside the membranes and sometimes there are short helixes in the connecting loops (Presti, 2015). A huge number of different types of chemical messenger activate the GCPRs, and they pass on the message by interacting with G+ proteins. Ion channels are also made up of lipophilic helixes but which can be on different chains and there are many variants. They pack together in such a manner that they allow conductance of ions through the channe...
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