Etiology, Presentation, Transmission, and Management of Sexually Transmitted Infection

Sexually Transmitted Infections
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Sexually Transmitted Infections
Etiology of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
The three primary causes of STIs are viruses, parasites, and bacteria. Bacteria include syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. Viruses that cause STIs are hepatitis B, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), cytomegalovirus, human papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus. In addition, an example of a parasite that causes STIs is trichomonas vaginalis (National Institutes of Health, 2017). Many STIs are spread through sexual intercourse and oral sex.
Transmission of STIs
Over 1 million STIs are acquired daily worldwide. There are about 374 million infections transmitted annually, such as syphilis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea (World Health Organization, 2021). The predominant way of transmitting STIs is through sexual contact, including oral, anal, or vaginal sex. Some of the risk factors of STIs include having sexual intercourse with many partners, unprotected sex, a history of STIs, and abuse of drugs. Specific STIs, such as HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea, can be transmitted from mothers to infants.
Presentation of STIs
STIs might have no or numerous symptoms. The common signs include sores on genitals, rectal, or oral area, burning or painful urination, pen...