Chart of Different Theories

Theories Chart Assignment
Name of the Student
Institution
Course
Instructor’s Name
Date
Theories Chart Assignment
Theoretical Approach

Founder &
Date Founded

Counselor’s Role (2)

Client’s Role (2)

Key Concepts (2)

Therapeutic Techniques (2)

Multicultural Strengths (2)
Multicultural Shortcomings (2)

Limitations (2)

Research
(1)

Psychoanalytic

Sigmund Freud, 1890s

1. Transference analysis allows clients to transfer unconscious feelings.
2. Motivating the client to speak her thoughts and feelings freely.

1. Engage in therapy conversations.
2. Freely state what comes to their mind

1. Transference
2. The dynamic unconscious

1. Free-flowing conversations
2. Dream analysis

Strengths
1. Increases self-understanding
2. Examines the extent of culture
Shortcomings
1. Lack of cross-cultural support.
2. Over-emphasis on deterministic approach.

1. No empirical support for the effectiveness
2. It Does not consider patient factors like inborn temperament.

Briggs et al. (2019)’s article supports the effectiveness of the theory.
The article impacts the theory by suggesting its usefulness in preventing self-harm and suicide.

Adlerian

Alfred Adler, 1912.

1. Help the patient get insight into her lifestyle.
2. Determine of lifestyle that requires change.

1. Maintain a high level of openness.
2. Be willing to recognize psychotherapy.

1. The inferiority complex
2. The superiority complex

1. Socratic dialogue
2. Guided and eidetic imagery

Strengths
1. Supportive of equality.
2. Encourages clients to describe themselves in their own social contexts.
Shortcomings
1. Ignores social factors
2. Excessively individualistic

1. Large time frame needed
2. Unsuitable for people incapable of insightful thought

Evans (2020)’s article supports the effectiveness of the theory.
Impacts counseling by introducing Adlerian play therapy as a therapeutic approach for traumatized children.

Existential

Søren Kierkegaard, 1800s

1. Help patients focus on personal responsibility in decision-making.
2. Determine anxiety that arises when a patient confronts conflict.

1. Learn to see the current situation and examine their contribution to it.
2. Take ownership of their choices

1. Free will
2. Self-determination

1. Open dialogue
2. Mindfulness

Strengths
1. Applicable to diverse clients.
2. Focus on universality.
Shortcomings
1. Excessively individualistic
2. It is difficult to talk about self-determination outside social networks.

1. May conflict with religious beliefs
2. A highly intellectual process

Alizadeh (2021) cites the effectiveness of the theory in handling critical situations.
The article’s positive impact is the theoretical approach's recommendation for helping patients recover from life-threatening illnesses.

Person-Centered

Carl Rogers, 1940s

1. Providing clients with unconditional positive regard and emp...