Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921

Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921
Name
History
Professor
11/24/22
Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921 Annotated Bibliography
Albright, Alex, Jeremy Cook, James Feigenbaum, Laura Kincaide, Jason Long, and Nathan Nunn. “After the Burning: The Economic Effects of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3880218.
In the wake of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre, 35 square blocks of a once-vibrant Black neighborhood were looted, set ablaze, and destroyed. Not only did this result in significant financial loss, but the slaughter also served as a message to Black people across the nation that similar incidents may happen in other communities. For Black communities in Tulsa and around the country, we look at the economic repercussions of the killing. According to our research, the massacre caused decreases in house ownership and occupational status for Tulsa’s Black community in the two decades that followed. As we can see, the massacre also resulted in fewer people owning homes outside of Tulsa. The extent to which these consequences were felt depended on whether a community like Tulsa had significant racial segregation levels or had been exposed to more newspaper coverage of the massacre. Examining the impacts beyond 1940, we discover that the direct harm caused by the killings to Black Tulsans’ property ownership, as well as the ripple effects brought on by newspaper coverage, remain and, in fact, grow throughout the second half of the 20th century.
Bracey, Earnest N. “The Tulsa Race Massacre, White Supremacy and the Destruction of Black Wall Street.” World Journal of Education and Humanities 3, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): p36. https://doi.org/10.22158/wjeh.v3n2p36.
The events of 1921 in Tulsa, Oklahoma, may seem inconsequential to some, but the destruction of “Black Wall Street,” or the crown jewel of the Black Greenwood District, was unjustified. After all, at the time, segregation, racial supremacy, and white mob control were the norm. The intelligence of all Americans is insulted by those who have attempted to erase this episode from history or the historical record. But this “cover-up” reflects the oppressive traits of evil white supremacy. According to some, one of the most horrific crimes in American history was the demolition of “Black Wall Street.” The perpetrators of the violence against the Black Greenwood community did not care about the humanity of Black Tulsans. The fact that this crime was in no way honorable means that what happened cannot be explained or justified. Finally, as a country, we must reconcile with this tragedy through atonement and restitution rather than denying what happened or acting as though it never happened or that it is unimportant—especially in these divisive times in our history.
Ellsworth, Scott. Death in a Promised Land: The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992.
The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre, widely regarded as the most extreme instance of white racial violence against African Americans in modern US history, led to the destruction of more than a thousand black-owned businesses and homes and the murder of between fifty and thr...