Using Economic Theory and Empirical Evidence in Arguing Policy
Term Paper due on 8.24, Before that there is a draft due 8.17, It's all US West Time。
The Topic of the Term paper is Female Labor Supply,
The Term paper resources are 3 papers given by the professor.
The 1st main paper is Devereux, Paul J., “Changes in Relative Wages and Family Labor Supply,”.
This document gives you instructions to write your final term paper. You cannot write this unless you have read and understood all the main papers & conducted a little outside reading / research of your own on the topic/question. Title: Your term paper needs to have a descriptive title: for example: “Final Paper” [Term Paper should have a minimum of 5 pages without references or tables and graphs (double spaced about 1,500 words). Your paper should have separate sections called references, tables and graphs at the end. Please feel free to retain the headings and sub headings of the sections below] 1. Introduction: Motivation of the Question. [minimum 1 page; standard formatting (double spaced)] Why is the question (you are analyzing in this term paper) important and (intellectually and academically) interesting? You want to expand on what you wrote for the “Paper Draft” using data, tables, charts. Please keep in mind that data, tables and charts go at the end of the paper after References / Bibliography. Feel free to use non-academic sources in this motivation section 2. Literature Review & Innovation: [minimum 1 page; standard formatting (double spaced)] What are the elements which are “new” and “improved” in all the main papers & how do they compare with one another in terms of their innovativeness or contribution to the literature? You are putting together a polished version of what you wrote about this from the Draft. 3. Comparative Review of Main Papers: [minimum 2 pages standard formatting (double spaced)] i) Comparative Review of Empirical Models / Empirical Strategies in Main Papers: What are the different dependent and independent variables? How do the authors get causal results i.e. which strategies did they use? ii) Comparative review of Data; variables & descriptive statistics used by the Main papers: How were the x and y variables measured? Where did the data come from? iii) Comparative review of Results; implications and conclusions obtained by the Main papers: What inference can be drawn from the results in the main papers? Note: Please do not just copy and paste the tables from the original papers. You should aim at creating your own tables that fits with the narrative of comparative results. 4. Assessment of the Literature: [minimum 1 pages standard formatting (double spaced)] You want to express your opinion, backed by reasons, of what are the gaps in the literature / the main papers. Comment on what can be done to improve results obtained in the literature. You 2 can propose new question(s) to answer, modify the data, the variables or the estimation methodology used in the literature. Can you “detail” at least one method that can be executed / implemented in future research? 5. References/ Bibliography (want to see usage of reference managers or correct formatting) Please include the three Main Papers and the Anchor Paper that you studied to write this term paper in addition to any non-academic or academic sources that you have cited. 6. Appendix: This is where Tables, Graphs etc.go. Please make sure that the tables and graphs you put in this section matchess up with the narrative in section 3 above. Please do not just copy and paste original tables from the papers to bulk up this paper. • Remember, the final submission has to be one document (pdf) in the assignment link called “Final Paper Submission” • Submit by the deadline. No make ups. You can submit a draft of the final paper earlier if you like and resubmit it when completed. • This assignment has 25 grade points (25% of the grade) • You cannot change your anchor paper, main paper, first main paper any more. Please make sure that you are not copying and pasting paragraphs from the papers you are reading to construct your term paper. The point of this exercise is for you to be able to discuss someone else’s papers in your own words. Any phrase, sentence or paragraph that you borrow from someone else without proper citation is plagiarism. If the grader finds evidence of plagiarism, you will receive 0 points for this assignment and will be reported to the department. Make sure you have put your writing through a proofreading software: word / Grammarly etc. You are looking to stay away from errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation etc. Make sure that you pay attention to formatting by using a non-fancy font (Times New Roman, 12 point font), double spaced writing with one inch margins. Also, if you are citing any article, please put them in reference sectio
ECONOMIC RHETORIC: USING ECONOMIC THEORY AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE IN ARGUING POLICY
(Name)
(Course name)
(Date of submission)
Economic Rhetoric: Using Economic Theory and Empirical Evidence in Arguing Policy
Increasing female labor force participation is one the most outstanding economic developments of the last few decades. All over the globe, labor force participation among adult women rose substantially in the last century, although men continue to be more likely to participate in labor markets than women. These gender gaps in participation rates has narrowed substantially in recent decades with the expansion of “family-friendly” work policies such as part-time work entitlements and parental leave. In America, women’s participation in the labor market (age 16 and older) jumped from 34% in 1950 to nearly 57% in 2016. This increase in female labor participation is important because it not only drives America’s economic growth and development, but it also increases overall industry wages. However, the historical increases in female labor force participation have slowed down in recent years. For instance, the US recorded the sixth highest female labor participation in 1990 when compared to 22 other OECD countries but by 2010, the country had fallen behind to 17th position.[Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, Sandra Tzvetkova, and Max Roser, “Female Labor Supply,” Our World in Data, March 2018, https://ourworldindata.org/female-labor-supply.]
Various economists have attributed the remarkable historical expansion of female labor force participation in the decades before 1990 to an increase in the participation of married women. The rapid upward trend observed in labor force participation of women in America, especially between 1955 and 1990, was mainly powered by the trend among married women to work outside home. The reason for gender differences in labor markets has been linked to the fact that women spend a substantial amount of their time on domestic charges. Women work as much as men but they are not considered economically active because a significant part of their time is spent on unpaid care work.[Ibid.]
Some of the drivers of female labor force participation include maternal health, the number of children per woman, childcare and other family-oriented policies, labor-saving consumer durables, social and cultural factors, as well as structural changes in the economy. Even though the female labor force participation rate has increased over the decades as more women pursue higher education in greater numbers, significant gender wage gaps remain, especially for women of color. There are a multitude of factors that drive the gender wage gap including differences in industries worked, differences in years of experiences, differences in hours worked, and gender-based pay discrimination. On the other hand, economic theories posit that a larger women workforce actually lowers wages as more people compete for job opportunities.[Sandra Tzvetkova and Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, “Working Women: What Determines Female Labor Force Participation?,” Our World in Data, 2017, https://ourworldindata.org/women-in-the-labor-force-determinants.]
However, studies show that for every 10% increase in wo...
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