How Emergence of Hybrid Warfare Impacted National Security in the Digital Age

Research question:
How has the emergence of hybrid warfare, and particularly the proliferation of cybercrime, impacted national security in the digital age?
Table of Contents INTRODUCTION:. 3 LITERATURE REVIEW: 4 METHODOLOGY: 6 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION: 6 The Case of Israel and Hezbollah: 6 The 2007 Cyber Attacks against Estonia: 7 Policy Documents on Dealing with Cyber Attacks: 8 Policy Documents on Dealing with Hybrid Warfare. 8 CONCLUSION: 9 REFERENCES: 10
INTRODUCTION:
For more than two decades, the Internet has played a major role in global communications. The Internet has become a major tool in integrating the lives of people around the world (Bosamia, 2013). Innovations have allowed billions of people to the Internet, while at the same time generating billions of dollars for the global economy. The advancement in technology has made it possible for a majority of the economic, commercial, and governmental activities at governmental and non-governmental institutions to be carried out in cyberspace. Critical and sensitive infrastructure either forms part of cyberspace or is exploited through space. For instance, vital infrastructure like weapons and defense, systems healthcare facilities, electrical grids, and media are increasingly dependent on information communications technology (ICTs) (Jang-Jaccard and Nepal, 2014). However, the same overreliance on cyberspace has made critical systems and infrastructure inherently vulnerable, making it possible for hostile actors to attack cyberspace.
The increasing digitization of modern societies has made national security to become complex and multifaceted. In the traditional understanding of national security, the threat is purely military. The threat entails the use of military forces and action like territorial encroachment. However, after the Cold War, threats to nations were no longer limited to the enemy’s military. Non-Traditional Security (NTS) threats, also called non-military threats began to be considered (Syed and Javed, 2017). Currently, hybrid warfare, which combines traditional military tactics with non-traditional methods such as propaganda and disinformation campaigns, presents a new security challenge. In recent years, the proliferation of cybercrime, together with the emergence of hybrid warfare has led to serious concerns related to national security. Both phenomena have the potential to cause major harm to a nation’s security. Additionally, the findings of this paper will be of interest to academics and researchers in the field of cybersecurity and national security.
The objective of the present study is to explore how cybercrime and hybrid warfare impact national security in the digital age. Specifically, this study will examine the evolution of cybercrime and hybrid warfare and their respective impacts on national security (CRAIG & VALERIANO, 2018) It will also analyze the various methods and strategies governments, and other actors have developed to address these non-traditional security threats.
To explore this objective, the research question will be, ‘How has the emergence of hybrid warfare, and particularly the proliferation of cybercrime, impacted nationa...