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Essay Available:
Pages:
6 pages/≈1650 words
Sources:
10 Sources
Style:
APA
Subject:
Social Sciences
Type:
Research Paper
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
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Topic:

Political Science. Inequality and Liberalism. Research Paper

Research Paper Instructions:

Choose any one of the following issues and assess how its significance for the
global political economy has changed over the past five decades (since 1970):
imperialism; inequality; development; environment or liberalization. Use one of the International political economy theories, such as post-colonialism, marxism or liberalism,
to explore your chosen issue, but please make sure that
you relate your case to the material and themes covered during the course.
Failure to do so will be penalized as appropriate.
Since this assignment is a research essay, the sources for the paper may include
internet sources but must include at least 4 refereed journal articles, books or book
chapters. You should include at least 8-10 sources in total.
Successful research essays are produced in five stages:
 Planning the essay (think about the question; link it to your interests;
establish the essay’s priorities; consider the availability of information)
 Conducting the research (conducting a literature search; taking adequate
notes; using full bibliographic information; using at least 5 scholarly
sources – be careful of relying on the Internet, as you need to consult
scholarly material)
 Preparing your proposal (see Research essay proposal assignment)
 Writing the essay (write clearly; use proper sentences; develop an
argument; use evidence; adopt a proper citation format; consider criticisms
of your argument; AVOID PLAGIARISM)
 Reviewing/Revise your work (is it clear; does it flow; is it logical; check
spelling and grammar carefully)
Your essay should be organized as follows:
 Introduction: to explain why the question is important and to indicate the
argument (or hypothesis) you will be making; you should also briefly
outline how your essay is to be organized and your theoretical framework
 Main body: here you build your argument and deploy the evidence you
have accumulated; you should note at the appropriate place any relevant
literature (gleaned from the course outline, bibliography and your own
research), and acknowledge conflicting interpretations; your strongest
evidence usually comes last
 Conclusion: restate argument and show why your interpretation is
plausible and even better than most
After writing the essay, you should leave it for a day or two to regain your perspective
on the text, and then give it a final proof before handing it in. Ideally you will also
have another person proof it (in exchange for proofing their paper, of course), in order
to ensure as far as possible that your language is clear and your logic is flawless.
Your essay will be marked against how well you meet the following criteria, which
can range from unsatisfactory to excellent:
• clarity and sophistication of your argument
• organization and structure of the essay
• depth and range of your sources (if you do not use five sources as
outlined above you will be penalized 5% on the final mark)
• depth and range of how you use theoretical and empirical material
• proper use of citations
• adequacy of syntax, grammar and spelling
Your final mark is an amalgam of how well you meet all of these benchmarks,
although the first five criteria are the most important
the sources for the paper may include
internet sources but must include at least 4 refereed journal articles, books or book
chapters. You should include at least 8-10 sources in total.

Research Paper Sample Content Preview:

Inequality and Liberalism
Name
Institution
Due Date
Inequality and Liberalism
The debate over rising inequality in the world has been in the mainstream media outlets for a long time now. The 2007/2008 financial crisis amplified the noise with regard to rising economic inequality. Poverty levels in the world have continued to reduce but inequality continues to rise. Some people attribute the above to globalization which continues to make the world more connected than it ever was. Giddens (1990) defined globalization as “the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.” This definition proved to be true during the recent financial crisis because a high default rate in the subprime home mortgage sector in the U.S. affected the entire world. Countries all over the world had to develop measures to save their economies from collapse. The world did indeed bounce back but the lessons were quite clear. With countries willing to open their borders and embracing the idea of economic liberalism, wealth creation has been relatively easier but at what cost? Economic liberalism negates the presence of institutions and governments while yielding economic decision-making power to individuals and households. The results, however, have not been a world where low-income earners are earning more but a world where high-income earners are earning more which further increases inequality. So, to help shed light on the above, this paper makes use of economic liberalism in studying the trend of economic inequality since the 1970s.
First of all, before delving deep into the issue under study, it is crucial to note that before 1970, income in the United States grew almost at the same rate in the income ladder. Between 1940 and 1970, Stone et al. (2020) note that even though the gap between the top and bottom earners was still quite substantial, it did not fluctuate as it does today. However, the 1970s brought with it a few changes as economic growth slowed. With growth taking a gradual tone, the gap between the top and bottom individuals widened. Income concentration at the top became the norm, and the world is still privy to this state of events today. The onset of the 1970s meant a change in the way the U.S. economy was running.
Arguments for Economic Liberalism
Classic liberalism prefers the laissez-faire approach to economic policies. Advocates of this approach to political ideology are skeptical of the involvement of the state in shaping the economic landscape. It is an obvious fact that economic liberalism promotes inequality. However, Singh (2015) writes that advocates of economic liberalism “present the trade-off between equality and economic efficiency.” He continues to write that inequality is an obvious occurrence during the development stage. However, with continued growth, inequality reduces. On the surface, this may appear as a reasonable argument, and Piketty and Saiez (2003) further the above notion as they explain their stance using the Kuznet’s influential hypothesis. They note that “income inequality should follow an inverse-U shape along the development proce...
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