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6 pages/≈1650 words
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Social Sciences
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Research Paper
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English (U.S.)
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Ethiopia and Eritria Social Sciences Research Paper

Research Paper Instructions:

This paper is dealing with poor governance. Comparing factors that lead to underdevelopment. This assignment calls for you to select two Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and assess if there are any factors that are common to both as far as their development is concerned.
It may help you to be familiar with the concept of poor governance, because this often plays a significant part in why a country is underdeveloped. According to the World Bank, governance is defined as how power is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources for development. Therefore, if good governance is synonymous with sound development management, then poor governance means a government has failed to deliver desirable outcomes for its people. This could mean that officials are corrupt, not transparent with their decisions, unqualified to make decisions in the first place, or prone to make decisions based on racism, tribalism or ethnicity — all of which are very common practices in LCDs.
The most common factor used to decide whether countries are underdeveloped nations is through the Human Development Index. Countries that are underdeveloped in nature offer poor health care, few educational opportunities, a low average life expectancy, a low number of job opportunities, few recreational facilities, poor economic growth, a low standard of living and a poverty-stricken life.
Instructions:
Write at least a six-page paper, in which you:
1. Identify the two LDCs (from the list above), which you will compare and assess. Explain why you chose these two countries.
2. Analyze the features that the LDCs have in common using at least five of the following nine factors (clearly label the five factors using headings):
a. geography
b. extractive institutions
c. governmental corruption
d. internal or external conflicts
e. shaky financial systems
f. unfair judicial systems
g. ethnic, racial or tribal disparities
h. lack or misuse of natural resources
i. closed (statist) economies
3. Use at least seven credible sources. Wikipedia, encyclopedias, dictionaries, blogs and other material that does not qualify as reputable academic source work at the college level. Do not use sources that are older than seven years.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
• Be typed, double-spaced (no extra spacing between paragraphs), using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides.
• Citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date (do not include an abstract).
• The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. Graphs, tables and photographs are not counted toward the length of the paper; only what you have written as text itself.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
• Determine why private investment, open political competition and the intelligent use of natural resources can serve as incentives to further economic development.
• Decide why good governance, a sound financial system, and a fair system of judicial justice are necessary to development.
• Assess why enforceable environmental regulations are critical to sustaining development.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in sociology of developing countries.
• Write clearly and concisely about sociology of developing countries using proper writing mechanics.
Click here to view the grading rubric.

Research Paper Sample Content Preview:

How Governance Affects Developing Countries.
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Introduction
Many factors contribute to underdevelopment or stagnation of economies. Looking at two Less Developed Countries (LDCs), Ethiopia, and Eritrea, it is possible to find a parallel between their state of the economy and the factors. The two bordering countries have a history of conflict dating back to the colonization period. Italy’s failure to conquer Ethiopia created lasting consequences for the two countries. Their conflict is manifested by a fight for the border which has had negative impacts on their economies. This paper will look at their conflict in detail while also addressing factors such as; geography, tribal disparities, shaky financial systems, and corruption.
Geography
Ethiopia is located in the horn of Africa and is bordered by Eritrea to the north. The geography of the two countries shows the impact size and location can have on economic development. Ethiopia has been introducing policies with the aim of increased high-value horticultural production by smallholders. Other inputs to facilitate success include; supplemental irrigation, access to inputs, labor, electricity, and access to output markets. These policies are needed for any countries survival especially regarding food security.
Ethiopia has a large population with approximately 94.3 million people spread across the vast 1.13 million square kilometers.CITATION Cha26 \l 1033 (Chamberlin, Pender, & Yu, 2016) Approximately 60 million people reside in rural areas where they predominantly peruse agriculture as their livelihood strategies. Their conditions vary significantly in moisture, temperature, and diseases leading to high variability in how they practice agriculture. Consequently, the agricultural production for Ethiopia tends to be low compared to other countries like Kenya whose agricultural might almost single-handedly drive the economy. It is, therefore, accurate to state that geography and land degradation have hindered Ethiopia from taking advantage of agricultural opportunities in their vast country.
Eritrea on the other hand face double problems of harsh sub-Saharan weather conditions and small geographic size. This has led to academics predicting economic hardships for Eritrea with questions lingering how the independent state would support a highly diverse and religious population with limited economic potential. A small country consequently has a small resource base and a smaller market for their produce. Therefore, such countries have to rely on exports to raise income with Singapore showing that it can be done. However, interactions between a newly independent state and a developed nation are always inhibited by the quality of goods and efficiency in transportation. Therefore, a country like Eritrea finds it hard to compete with other nations and their exports only improve the national market slightly.
Ethnic, racial or tribal disparities
Any progressive African understands that tribalism is a disruptive influence that has affected African politics and development potential. African countries have the majority of citizens being of one race. However, these populations are further divided into clans and tribes whi...
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