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Literature & Language
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Research Paper
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Amateurism in College Sports

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1. College athletes on full scholarship do not receive a “free ride”. For the 2009-2010 academic year, the average annual scholarship shortfall (out of pocket expenses) for Football Bowl Series (FBS) "full" scholarship athletes was $3,222.
2. The compensation FBS athletes who are on “full scholarship” receive for living expenses (room and board, other expenses) situates the vast majority at or below the poverty level.
3. The percentage of FBS schools whose "full" athletic scholarships leave their players in poverty is 85% for those athletes who live on campus; 86% for athletes who live off campus.
3. The average FBS "full" scholarship athlete earns less than the federal poverty line by $1874 on campus and $1794 off campus.
4. If allowed access to the fair market like the pros, the average FBS football and basketball player would be worth approximately $121,048 and $265,027 respectively (not counting individual commercial endorsement deals).
5. Football players with the top 10 highest estimated fair market values are worth between $345k-$514k in 2009-10. The top spot was held by University of Texas football players. While 100% of these players received scholarships that left them living below the federal poverty line and with an average scholarship shortfall of $2841 in 2010-11, their coaches were paid an average of over $3.5 million each in 2010 excluding bonuses. (See Table 1.)
6. Basketball players with the top 10 highest estimated fair market values are worth between $620k-$1 million in 2009-10. The top spot was held by Duke basketball players. While 80% of these players received scholarships that left them living below the federal poverty and with an average scholarship shortfall of $3098 in 2010-11, their coaches were paid an average of over $2.5 million in 2010 excluding bonuses. (See Table 2.)
7. The poorest football and basketball players (generated combined FB and BB revenues of $30 million or more in 2009-10, yet live in the poorest bottom 1/3 of all of the players in the study live between $3,000-$5,000 below the poverty line (see Table 3) in the report for further details.
8. Despite record revenues, salaries, and capital expenditures and prohibitions on countless sources of income for athletes, the NCAA explicitly allows tax payers to fund food stamps and welfare benefits for college athletes.
9. FBS schools could provide more equitable financial terms for their revenue-producing athletes without eliminating any non-revenue generating sports or reducing scholarships from athletes from non-revenue generating sports. The second attachment (2 tables with data) points to lavish spending in by FBS schools in non-revenue sports. We've compared non-revenue sports expenditures between FBS schools and Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) schools because all of their non-revenue sports compete against each other in Division I. We focused on this to find out what it costs to run a competitive Division I non-revenue generating team which is demonstrated by the FCS numbers. The FBS non-revenue team expenses show that these schools spend far more than what's necessary to field these teams. BCS schools spend an average of about $350,000 more on each non-revenue team when compared to FCS schools.
FBS schools average 18 non-revenue generating teams per campus, which means they spend an 

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Amateurism in College Sports
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Amateurism in College Sports
College athletes are greatly exploited by amateurism. They are not compensated or paid more fairly for the work they do for their respective institutions; work that brings about the making of substantial amounts of money in income for stakeholders in the university sport corporate complex. It is of note that the suppression of earnings of an unidentified labor force craftily referred to as student-athletes has been in operation for over 6 decades (Huma & Staurowsky, 2011). An athlete is, in essence, not exploited when he is compensated or paid fairly in any business transaction outside the organization. On the other hand, an athlete is exploited whenever that athlete is clearly not allowed to realize his value whilst his skill and reputation are being utilized to achieve profit for others (Huma & Staurowsky, 2011). The NCAA has found it difficult to convince members of the general public to accept that college athletes are only amateurs. NCAA leaders sometimes have become confused regarding the rationale for its own account of amateurism.
Different from NCAA’s claim that student-athletes should be seen as a vital component of the student body, players of basketball and football in the cream of the crop programs of the country bear a burden shared by no other students. In essence, these college players perform in well-paid and profitable media spectacles which are organized and brokered by their institutions through several layers of associational relationships including conferences and NCAA, which use regulations that govern virtually all facets of the players’ lives. In turn, whilst scholarship basketball and football athletes are usually obliged to be qualified in terms of academics so as to play at their colleges, their fiscal fate is dictated by their field performance as well as their value as athletic commodities. Huma and Staurowsky (2011) noted that if a revenue-generating college athlete fails to perform as required athletically, or if the athlete gets a permanent injury, his coach may decide not to re...
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