Introduction, the Cell, Inflammation, Repair,Regeneration and Fibrosis

Module 1: Introduction, The Cell, Inflammation, Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis
Welcome to NSG 530: Pathophysiology for Advanced Practice
It is presumed that students enrolled in this course have an understanding of human anatomy and physiology at an undergraduate level. Much of this information should be a review. You will learn the course content from the readings.
Active learning is emphasized. Active learning requires students to engage with the material, the instructor, and with other students. Please keep this in mind. As a distance education student, you must take responsibility for your own learning. Success in this course will be measured by your commitment, your ability to critically think and synthesize knowledge, and your ability to manage your time.
Organization of the Course
The course content is organized into modules. Each module identifies topics that focus on specific areas of content. This content, in the beginning will mostly be a review. Overall, the focus of this course is on the pathophysiology of diseases, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment.
Introduction
Pathology is the study of structural and functional abnormalities that are expressed as diseases of organs and systems (Rubin & Reisner, 2014). Understanding pathology is the basis for practice and research. Pathology deals with many aspects of diseases such as, the nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions. In this course the student will review the basic pathophysiology of various systems and relate pathologic changes to clinical manifestations of diseases.
Module 1 will focus on the cell, the smallest component of the human body and the basic unit of all living organisms. When cell injury occurs there is a process that takes place at the cellular level to maintain a steady state of homeostasis. This process will be discussed along with the ability of the cell to adapt to injury or repair itself.
Fluids, electrolytes and specialized compounds that control acid-base are necessary for cell and organ functioning. The cell lives in a fluid environment that maintains electrolyte and acid-base concentrations. When these concentration changes the electrical activity of nerve and muscle cells are affected and fluid shifts from one compartment to another. This process disrupts cellular functions. These alterations can be life threatening so it is important to understand how this occurs.
Objectives
Describe the functions of the cell.
Discuss cellular metabolism.
Identify cellular intake and output.
Describe the cell cycle and tissue formation.
Discuss cellular injury and cellular death.
Identify alterations in fluid and electrolyte balance.
Discuss acid-base balance.
Readings
Cellular Biology powerpoint:
Chapter 1 ppt.
Chapter 4 ppt.
Chapter 5 ppt.
Huether et al. 2020
Chapter 1
Please review Chapter 1; there are no assigned readings from this chapter.
Chapter 4
Review: Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Dysplasia, and Metaplasia
Cellular Injury
Hypoxic Injury
Chemical Injury
Unintentional and Intentional Injuries
Infectious Injury
Manifestations of Cellular Injury
Aging & Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
Chapter 5
Distribution of Body Fluids and Electrolytes
Alterations in Water Movement.
Edema
Alterations in Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance
Alterations in Potassium and Other Electrolytes
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Acid-Base Imbalances
Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
There are 2 separate discussion posts to complete for this module:
Discussion
Module 1
Discussion 1
In a brief paragraph introduce yourself to your fellow online classmates.
Module 1: Discussion 1
Discussion 2
3. Mr. B is a 70-year-old man who developed sub sternal chest pains radiating down his left arm while at home. He was taken to the ER via ambulance. His breathing was labored, pulses rapid and weak, and his skin was cold and clammy. An ECG was done which revealed significant “Q” waves in most leads. Troponin level was elevated. Arterial blood was draw with the following results:
Ph 7.22
PCO2 30 mm
Hg pO2 70 mm
Hg O2 sat 88%
HCO3 22 meq/liter
Module 1: Discussion 2

Post your initial response by Wednesday at midnight. Respond to one student by Sunday at midnight. Both responses must be a minimum of 150 words, scholarly written, APA formatted, and referenced. A minimum of 2 references are required (other than text). Refer to grading rubric for online discussion.
Special Guidance on APA formatting in Discussion Posts
APA formatting is required in discussion posts with the following two exceptions (due to limitations with the text editor in LIVE): double line space and indent 1/2 inch from the left margin. Discussion posts will NOT be evaluated on those two formatting requirements. All other APA formatting guidelines should be followed. For example, in-text citations must be formatted with the appropriate information and in the correct sequence (Author, year), reference list entries must include all appropriate information following guidelines for capitalization, italics, and be in the correct sequence. Refer to the APA Publication Manual 7th ed. for each source type's specific requirements. Please let your instructor know if you have any questions.