Impact of The Roux- En- Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

Impact of The Roux- En- Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on Type II Diabetes Mellitus Compare to The Management Of Type II Diabetes Mellitus with Medication and Lifestyle Changes Name Institutional Affiliation Course Title Instructor Date Impact of the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on Type II Diabetes Mellitus Compared to The Management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus with Medication and Lifestyle Changes Introduction While there have been significant pharmacotherapeutic interventions for patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a small number of the population manages to attain normal blood pressure, hemoglobin A1 (HbA1c) and cholesterol levels (Pinchevsky, 2017). These observations, compounded with the increasing public and individual patient health burden caused by diabetes induced macrovascular and microvascular complications, signal the necessity of continued efforts to find newer approaches of treating cardiovascular and hyperglycemic risk factors among patients with diabetes (Halperin et al., 2014). Studies in recent years have investigated the benefits of other interventions such as bariatric surgery on obese patients with T2DMs and identified factors such as fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and age, BMI, C-peptide, and duration of the disease (ABCD) score as predictors of the impact of bariatric surgery on T2DM patients (Kassem et al., 2017). Early research has consistently shown that surgical treatment of patients with morbid obesity results in dramatic improvement in the comorbidity status among most T2DM patients (Schauer et al., 2003). Halperin et al (2014) conducted a study to compare the long-term impact of bariatric surgery with medical management and lifestyle changes in the reduction of cardiometabolic risks and the improvement of glycemic control among obese patients with T2DM. In the study, the investigators compared Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery with medical and weight management program applicable in clinical practice. Results from these studies indicate substantial improvement in the management of dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes after bariatric surgery (Halperin et al., 2014). The present paper assesses the impact of Roux- En- Y-gastric bypass surgery on T2DM compared to the management of the disease with medication and lifestyle changes. Importance of Managing T2DM with RYGB T2DM and obesity are among the most frequently occurring chronic disorders among large populations in the world and remain to be a global challenge to healthcare systems. The link between diabetes and obesity is well established since obese patients are often faced with increased risk for T2DM. Similarly, about 90% of T2DM patients present with excessive body weight and effective weight loss among obese individuals with or without diabetes is associated with better metabolic conditions (Yan et al., 2016). There is a growing interest in assessing the comparisons between the risks and benefits associated with bariatric surgery with those linked to non-surgical medical and lifestyle management for patients with T2DM. Early studies (Halperin et al., 2014; Yan et al., 2016; Kassem et al., 2017) have found that randomized trial of RYGB compare with medical and lifestyle management for T2DM is feasible in the United States. The...