Risk Factors and Pathophysiology of Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia
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Hyperlipidemia occurs when the cholesterol level in the body, including the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), gets disturbed. Thus, the blood does not flow in the body properly, leading to severe complications like a heart attack (Allahverdiyev et al., 2017). Both HDL-C and LDL-C are responsible for regulating the number of lipids, and an imbalance can lead to risks of stroke and myocardial infarction. The two primary forms of hyperlipidemia are hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia, both of which are triggered by the abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the body.
According to J. Yuan and team (2015), more than 60 million people in the United States suffer from hyperlipidemia, and both men and women are affected by the illness irrespective of their backgrounds and age. It has also been found that people with LDL-C are lesser in number than the victims of HDL-C. Nearly 25 million adults worldwide have a cholesterol level of 300 mg/dL, which is a matter of great concern, as its consistency can cause death or lead to other complications. Primary hyperlipidemia is caused due to genetic problems such as mutation, and secondary hyperlipidemia occurs because of the underlying causes of diabetes, blood pressure and other health problems.
Risk Factors of Hyperlipidemia
The factors that contribute to hyperlipidemia are sedentary lifestyle, obesity, the lack of physical activities or exercise, excessive use of alcohol and tobacco, too much dependence on illicit drugs, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, chronic liver or kidney problems, sexually transmitted diseases like HIV/AIDS (Huang, 2017). A diet rich in Trans and saturated fats may also cause hyperlipidemia, and sometimes the disease is transferred during physical relationships.
Pathophysiology of Hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia can increase the chances of generating lipid oxidation products, which gradually accumulate in the mitochondria of cells and impact the whole body. Sometimes the bones get affected by the illness, and sometimes it directly targets the lungs, kidneys, heart, and stomach. It should be noticed that the excessive intake of cholesterol-rich diets is bad for human health. Externally, it causes obesity, and internally, it impacts the body organs.
Clinical Manifestations and Complications
Unless it is severe, most people with hyperlipidemia remain unaware of their disease, which means does not have any visible signs and symptoms other than the pale skin. In such a situation, the disease may remain untreated, leading to peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease, and other similar issues. The most common signs of hyperlipidemia are pain in legs during standing, jogging and walking, chest pain, ...